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New Clonal Varieties of Jatropha

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The Jatropha Genome

Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

Abstract

The objective of this chapter was to present the agronomic and industrial advantages of three new varieties of Jatropha that were developed in Mexico in order to meet the demand of the industry and the producers. It is discussed the importance of genetic resources and particularly of genetic diversity to develop new improved varieties. Based on agronomic and industrial characteristics, promissory genotypes were selected and variety trials were established in 4 tropical environments of Mexico to evaluate agronomic behavior. The main selection criteria used were grain yield, oil content, growth habit, and high presence of female flowers. It was found that the number of inflorescences in the plant and the number of female flowers are good predictor of yield because it was found positively correlated with the yield (0.83 and 0.78, respectively). In a population of 312 plants of various origins, plants with the presence of male and female flowers predominate with 75.5%, followed by flowering plants completely pistillate whose presence reaches 22.75% of the population, and plants with male flowers and hermaphrodites are 1.75%. Jatropha exhibits great variation in yield over the years presenting various types of behavior. It can be observed that there are genotypes with early and sustained production as México-JC 59 and genotypes with late and sustained production as México-JC 41. Also can be noted the genotype México-JC 88 produced late and sustained production but with very low yield. The best genotypes of this clonal trials were two clones with 100% female flowers and one clone with predominant of male flowers, but also with the presence of female flowers. The females were registered with the names of “Gran Victoria” and “Doña Aurelia,” and the clone with the biggest percentage of male flowers was denominated as “Don Rafael.” Jatropha is a plant with a tendency to cross-pollination, that is the reason the new varieties should not be spread by seed, but it ought to be done by methods of vegetative reproduction such as cuttings or in vitro propagation.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Breeder of Tropical Crops, Calle Mina no. 455, Tuxtla Chico, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico

    Zamarripa Colmenero Alfredo

  2. INIFAP- Campo Experimental Bajío, Km. 6.5 Carretera Celaya, San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico

    Víctor Pecina Quintero

Authors
  1. Zamarripa Colmenero Alfredo
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  2. Víctor Pecina Quintero
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Correspondence to Zamarripa Colmenero Alfredo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Suguru Tsuchimoto

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Alfredo, Z.C., Quintero, V.P. (2017). New Clonal Varieties of Jatropha. In: Tsuchimoto, S. (eds) The Jatropha Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49653-5_16

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