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Pyrolysis in Closed Systems

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Global Chemical Kinetics of Fossil Fuels

Abstract

The reactions of coal and sapropelic kerogen in a closed system are reviewed. A range of chemical kinetic models that include primary and secondary reactions are described, including compositional models of vitrinite reflectance . Again, the primary hydrocarbon generation reactions are consistent with activation energies in the 50–56 kcal/mol range. Diverse published values from hydrous pyrolysis are shown to be caused by inadequate separation of transport and distributed reactivity effects. Oil composition fractionation from hydrous pyrolysis is shown to be similar to that in semi-open pyrolysis. Effects of hydrogen and hydrogen donors are also discussed, including kinetics for coal liquefaction and oil shale thermal solution.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Understanding a little optics is helpful to understand the basis of Vitrimat. Light is reflected from a surface in proportion to the ratio of refractive indices in the incident and reflecting material. The refractive index is related to off-resonance interactions with electrons in the reflective media, and absorbance is related to on-resonance interactions with same. This physics is captured in the Fresnel-Beer equation. Aromatic materials have a higher refractive index due to more interaction with the light, so reflectance increases with maturity of residual organic matter. Reflectance also depends on the polarization of incident light, which is why polarized sun glasses work so well on light reflected from water.

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    Alan K. Burnham

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Burnham, A.K. (2017). Pyrolysis in Closed Systems. In: Global Chemical Kinetics of Fossil Fuels. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49634-4_6

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