Abstract
The biodiesel production as a substitute fuel has been explored with great interest in recent times due to its eco-friendly advantages such as non-toxic nature and much lower emissions during usage. On the other hand, owing to an adverse economics and additional complications for design of efficient industrial scale reactor configurations, biodiesel production at large scale has not been substantially effective. The present work offers insights into the sustainable methods of production based on the waste cooking oil (WCO) and nonedible oil as the feedstock, which can lead to significant reduction in the processing costs. The focus has been kept on the enzymatic route of production, and the process intensification aspects based on the use of ultrasonic and microwave irradiations have also been discussed which is essential to overcome the inherent limitations associated with the use of enzymatic route and sustainable resources. The fundamental mechanism of intensification of biodiesel production, overview of the types of reactors and strategies for optimum design and operating factors to maximize the intensification of enzymatic biodiesel production have been presented. A detailed overview of different literature studies has also been given so as to give an idea about the range of operating parameters and the expected benefits due to the use of process intensification approaches. Overall, it has been confirmed that the application of ultrasound and microwave is able to significantly increase the biodiesel yield with significant reduction in the time as well as quantity of the starting materials besides giving eco-friendly operation.
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Subhedar, P.B., Gogate, P.R. (2017). Intensified Synthesis of Biodiesel from Sustainable Raw Materials Using Enzymatic Approach. In: Singh, L., Kalia, V. (eds) Waste Biomass Management – A Holistic Approach. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49595-8_14
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