Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Advanced Computing in Industrial Mathematics pp 215–229Cite as

Accuracy of Linear Craniometric Measurements Obtained from Laser Scanning Created 3D Models of Dry Skulls

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 681))

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish the reliability of directly taken linear measurements on dry skulls and corresponding measurements taken on the 3D digital models created by laser scanning as well as to assess the agreement between both measuring methods. Four skulls were measured in two competitive methods—a direct measuring, based on the conventional craniometric method, and a digital measuring, accomplished on 3D models created by laser scanning. Thirteen cranial measurements were taken on both dry skulls and 3D models. The intra- and inter-examiner reliability was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient. The agreement between both measuring methods was assessed applying the Bland-Altman method for replicated measurements. A Bland-Altman plot was constructed for each of the 13 parameters. The 3D model and directly taken measurements were assessed as highly reliable and reproducible, excepting the orbital height. Our results showed that 96 % of all digital measurements differ from the directly taken ones with less than 2 mm and respectively 67.6 % differ with less than 1 mm. Based on the results of the Bland-Altman plots, most of the measurements obtained by both measuring methods could be accepted as comparable, since the majority of differences were within the constructed limits of agreement. However, there were digital measurements, particularly these with landmarks situated on bone margins, which systematically overestimated the directly taken ones.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Altman, D.G., Bland, J.M.: Measurement in medicine: the analysis of method comparison studies. Statistician 32, 307–317 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Baumgaertel, S., Palomo, J.M., Palomo, L., Hans, M.G.: Reliability and accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography dental measurements. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 136(1), 19–25 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Berco, M., Rigali Jr., P.H., Miner, M.R., DeLuca, S., Anderson, N.K., Will, L.A.: Accuracy and reliability of linear cephalometric measurements from cone-beam computed tomography scans of a dry human skull. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 136, 17.e1–17.e9 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bibliowicz, J., Khan, A., Agur, A., Singh, K.: High-precision surface reconstruction of human bones from point-sampled data. In: ISHS 2011 Conference Proceedings: International Summit on Human Simulation, pp. 1–10 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bland, J.M., Altman, D.G.: Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 8, 135–160 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Buikstra, J.E., Ubelaker, D.H.: Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains. In: Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. 44, Fayetteville (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bookstein, F.L.: Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Cartensen, B., Simpson, J., Gurrin, L.C.: Statistical models for assessing agreement in method comparison studies with replicate measurements. Int. J. Biostat. 4(1), 1–26 (2008)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Choi, J.Y., Choi, J.H., Kim, N.K., Kim, Y., Lee, J.K., Kim, M.K., Lee, J.H., Kim, M.J.: Analysis of errors in medical rapid prototyping models. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 31(1), 23–32 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Damstra, J., Fourie, Z., Huddleston Slater, J.J., Ren, Y.: Accuracy of linear measurements from cone-beam computed tomography-derived surface models of different voxel sizes. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 137(1), 16.e1–16.e6 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gribel, B.F., Gribel, M.N., Frazao, D.C., McNamara Jr., J.A., Manzi, F.R.: Accuracy and reliability of craniometric measurements on lateral cephalometry and 3D measurements on CBCT scans. Angle Orthod. 81, 26–35 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Grieshaber, B.M., Osborne, D.L., Doubleday, A.F., Kaestle, F.A.: A pilot study into the effects of X-ray and computed tomography exposure on the amplification of DNA from bone. J. Archaeol. Sci. 35(3), 681–687 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Harris, E.F., Smith, R.N.: Accounting for measurement error: a critical but often overlooked process. Arch. Oral. Biol. 54(Suppl. 1), S107–S117 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hassan, B., Setelt, P., Sanderink, G.: Accuracy of three-dimensional measurements obtained from cone beam computed tomography surface-rendered images for cephalometric analysis: influence of patient scanning position. Eur. J. Orthod. 23, 1–6 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kamburoğlu, K., Kolsuz, E., Kurt, H., Kiliç, C., Özen, T., Paksoy, C.S.: Accuracy of CBCT measurements of a human skull. J. Digit. Imaging 24(5), 787–793 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar, V., Ludlow, J.B., Mol, A., Cevidanes, L.: Comparison of conventional and cone beam CT synthesized cephalograms. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 36, 263–269 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lascala, C., Panella, J., Marques, M.: Analysis of the accuracy of linear measurements obtained by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT-NewTom). Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 33, 291–294 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska, D., Kociemba, W., Sroka, A., Kulczyk, T., \(\dot{Z}\)aba, C., Paprzycki, W., Przystańska, A.: Accuracy of the anthropometric measurements of skeletonized skulls with corresponding measurements of their 3D reconstructions obtained by CT scanning. Anthropol. Anz. 72(3), 293–301 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ludlow, J.B., Laster, W.S., See, M., Bailey, L.J., Hershey, H.G.: Accuracy of measurements of mandibular anatomy in cone beam computed tomography images. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 103, 534–542 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Martin, R., Saller, K.: Kraniometrische Technik. In: Martin, R., Saller, K. (eds.) Lehrbuch der Anthropologie, vol. I. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nizam, A., Gopal, R.N., Naing, L., Hakim, A.B., Samsudin, A.R.: Dimensional accuracy of the skull models produced by rapid prototyping technology using stereolithography apparatus. Arch. Orofac. Sci. 1, 60–66 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Park, H.K., Chung, J.W., Kho, H.S.: Use of hand-held laser scanning in the assessment of craniometry. Forensic. Sci. Int. 160, 200–206 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Richard, A.H., Parks, C.L., Monson, K.L.: Accuracy of standard craniometric measurements using multiple data formats. Forensic. Sci. Int. 242, 177–185 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ross, A.H., Slice, D.E., Williams, S.E.: Geometric Morphometric Tools for the Classification of Human Skulls. Department of Justice, Document 231195 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sholts, S.B., Flores, L., Walker, P.L., Wärmländer, S.K.: Comparison of coordinate measurement precision of different landmark types on human crania using a 3D laser scanner and a 3D digitiser: implications for applications of digital morphometrics. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 21, 535–543 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sholts, S.B., Wärmländer, S.K., Flores, L.M., Miller, K.W., Walker, P.L.: Variation in the measurement of cranial volume and surface area using 3D laser scanning technology. J. Forensic. Sci. 55(4), 871–876 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Shrout, P.E., Fleiss, J.L.: Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol. Bull. 86(2), 420–428 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Stull, K.E., Tise, M.L., Ali, Z., Fowler, D.R.: Accuracy and reliability of measurements obtained from computed tomography 3D volume rendered images. Forensic. Sci. Int. 238, 133–140 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the “Program for Career Development of Young Scientists, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences”, research grant DFNP—75/27.04.2016.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Diana Toneva & Silviya Nikolova

  2. Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Ivan Georgiev

  3. Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Ivan Georgiev & Assen Tchorbadjieff

Authors
  1. Diana Toneva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Silviya Nikolova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ivan Georgiev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Assen Tchorbadjieff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Diana Toneva .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Krassimir Georgiev

  2. Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Michail Todorov

  3. Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Ivan Georgiev

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Toneva, D., Nikolova, S., Georgiev, I., Tchorbadjieff, A. (2017). Accuracy of Linear Craniometric Measurements Obtained from Laser Scanning Created 3D Models of Dry Skulls. In: Georgiev, K., Todorov, M., Georgiev, I. (eds) Advanced Computing in Industrial Mathematics. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 681. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49544-6_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49544-6_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49543-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49544-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation