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Traumatic Brain Injury

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Nursing Care of the Pediatric Neurosurgery Patient

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Abstract

Despite prevention efforts, pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a common cause of serious injury and death in children.

This chapter discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of the child with a traumatic brain injury, from skull fractures to intracranial hemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury. Detailed assessments are provided including level of consciousness, motor function, cranial nerve exam, and coma scores. Birth trauma is also included along with radiographic imaging. Surgical treatment and guidelines for the medical management of children with traumatic brain injury are presented, including hyperosmolar therapy, sedation, endocrine complications, multimodality monitoring, and prevention of secondary injury. Additional evidence about incidence, anatomy, and pathophysiology of pediatric TBI is included. Advances in radiologic imaging techniques are also included, as well as a discussion regarding avoidance or reduction of unnecessary radiation exposure with head CT, due to risk of secondary malignant tumors. Traumatic brain injury due to non-accidental trauma and athletic concussion are now covered in separate chapters in this text.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurosurgery, Dayton Children’s Hospital, One Children’s Plaza, Dayton, OH, 45404, USA

    Angela Hoersting MS, RN, CPNP-AC/PC

  2. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shands Children’s Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA

    Jodi E. Mullen MS, RN-BC, CCRN, CCNS, ACCNS-P

Authors
  1. Angela Hoersting MS, RN, CPNP-AC/PC
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  2. Jodi E. Mullen MS, RN-BC, CCRN, CCNS, ACCNS-P
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Angela Hoersting MS, RN, CPNP-AC/PC .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Childrens Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA

    Cathy C. Cartwright

  2. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Banner Children Specialists at Cardon, Children’s Medical Center, Mesa, Arizona, USA

    Donna C. Wallace

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Hoersting, A., Mullen, J.E. (2017). Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Cartwright, C., Wallace, D. (eds) Nursing Care of the Pediatric Neurosurgery Patient. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49319-0_8

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