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The Intestinal Immune System During Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Abstract

The mucosa and associated lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract contain one of the most diverse and complicated immunologic systems in the human body. With an immense antigenic exposure, this system has the daunting task of distinguishing between beneficial, inert, and pathogenic molecules and microorganisms with the goals of maintaining mucosal homeostasis and providing appropriate and necessary defense, all while allowing for the absorption of nutrients essential for life. It is perhaps not surprising then that a breakdown in the normal functions of the intestinal immune system results in a wide variety of disease states. One of the quintessential examples of failure of the intestinal immune system is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this chapter, we review the innate and adaptive components of the intestinal immune system with particular attention to unique features in children. We also highlight key insights into how the intestinal immune system contributes to IBD pathogenesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3550 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    David A. Hill MD, PhD

  2. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    William A. Faubion Jr MD

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Correspondence to David A. Hill MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Petar Mamula

  2. Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Andrew B. Grossman

  3. Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Robert N. Baldassano

  4. Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Judith R. Kelsen

  5. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, University of South Carolina School of Medicine - Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA

    Jonathan E. Markowitz

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Hill, D.A., Faubion, W.A. (2017). The Intestinal Immune System During Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Mamula, P., Grossman, A., Baldassano, R., Kelsen, J., Markowitz, J. (eds) Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49215-5_2

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