Skip to main content

Function-Based Metagenomics to Reveal Rhizosphere Microbiome: A Glimpse

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Modern Tools and Techniques to Understand Microbes
  • 1530 Accesses

Abstract

To unravel the perplexity of cultivation methodologies, several technical efforts that involve molecular methods have been widely introduced. However, it is not feasible to elucidate the wide presence of soil microorganisms employing traditional approaches. Nowadays, a different approach has been employed, the so-called metagenome (MG), to know the functionality of bulk and rhizospheric soil, and later the result of comparative analysis on environmental MG was reported and suggested that comparative MG approach can be an extremely valuable tool for the characterization of complex microbial communities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amann RI (1995) Fluorescently labeled, ribosomal-rna-targeted oligonucleotide probes in the study of microbial ecology. Mol Ecol 4:543–553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arjun JK, Harikrishnan K (2011) Metagenomic analysis of bacterial diversity in the rice rhizosphere soil microbiome. Biotechnol Bioinf Bioeng 2011(1):361–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Bai Y, Liang J, Liu R, Hu C, Qu J (2014) Metagenomic analysis reveals microbial diversity and function in the rhizosphere soil of a constructed wetland. Environ Technol 35:2521–2527

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brady SF, Clardy J (2004) Palmitoylputrescine, an antibiotic isolated from the heterologous expression of DNA extracted frombromeliad tank water. J Nat Prod 67:1283–1286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen IC, Lin WD, Hsu SK, Thiruvengadam V, Hsu WH (2009) Isolation and characterization of a novel lysine racemase from a soil metagenomic library. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(15):5161–5166. doi:10.1128/AEM.00074-09

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chin-A-Woeng TFC, Bloemberg GV, van der Bij AJ, van der Drift KMGF, Schripsema J, Kroon B et al (1998) Biocontrol by phenazine-1-carboxamide-producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 of tomato root rot caused by Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. radicislycopersici. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 11:1069–1077

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel R (2005) Themetagenomics of soil. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:470–478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz NN, Krause L, Goesmann A, Niehaus K, Nattkemper TW (2009) TACOA—taxonomic classification of environmental genomic fragments using a kernelized nearest neighbor approach. BMC Bioinformatics 10:56

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards RA, Rodriguez-Brito B, Wegley L, Haynes M, Breitbart M, Peterson DM, Saar MO, Alexander S, Alexander EC, Rohwer F (2006) Using pyrosequencing to shed light on deep mine microbial ecology. BMC Genomics 7:57. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-57

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Emmert EAB, Klimowicz AK, Thomas MG, Handelsman J (2004) Genetics of Zwittermicin A production by Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:104–113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Y, Duan CJ, Pang H, Mo XC, Wu CF, Yu Y, Hu YL, Wei J, Tang JL, Feng JX (2007) Cloning and identification of novel cellulose genes from uncultured microorganisms in rabbit cecum and characterization of the expressed cellulases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 75:319–328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer M, Beloqui A, Timmis KN, Golyshin PN (2009) Metagenomics for mining new genetic resources of microbial communities. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 16:109–123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer M, Golyshina OV, Chernikova TN, Khachane AN, Reyes-Duarte D, Santos VA, Strompl C, Elborough K, Jarvis G, Neef A, Yakimov MM, Timmis KN, Golyshin PN (2005) Novel hydrolase diversity retrieved from a metagenome library of bovine rumen microflora. Environ Microbiol 7:1996–2010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gabor EM, de Vries EJ, Janssen DB (2004) Construction, characterization, and use of small-insert gene banks of DNA isolated from soil and enrichment cultures for the recovery of novel amidases. Environ Microbiol 6:948–958

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glick BR, Penrose DM, Li JP (1998) A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth-promoting bacteria. J Theor Biol 190:63–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Handelsman J (2004) Metagenomics: application of genomics to uncultured microorganisms. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68:669–685

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • HÃ¥rdeman F, Sjöling S (2007) Metagenomic approach for the isolation of a novel low-temperature-active lipase from uncultured bacteria of marine sediment. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 59:524–534

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heath C, Hu XP, Cary C, Cowan D (2009) Isolation and characterization of a novel, low-temperature-active alkaliphilic esterase from an Antarctic desert soil metagenome. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:4657–4659

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Henne A, Schmitz RA, Bömeke M, Gottschalk G, Daniel R (2000) Screening of environmental DNA libraries for the presence of genes conferring lipolytic activity on Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:3113–3116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hiltner L (1904) Ãœberneuere Erfahrungen und Probleme auf dem Gebiete der BodenbakteriologieunterbesondererBerücksichtigung der Gründüngung und Brache. Arbeiten der Deutschen Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft H 98:59–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen CS (2004) Purification of microbial genes from soil and rhizosphere by magnetic capture hybridization and subsequent amplification of target genes by PCR. In: Kowalchuk GA, De Bruijn FJ, Head IM, Akkermans ADL, Van Elsas JD (eds) Molecular microbial ecology manual. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 181–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiao JY, Wang HX, Zeng Y, Shen YM (2006) Enrichment for microbes living in association with plant tissues. J Appl Microbiol 100:830–837

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Kim E, Kang Y, Choi O, Park CS, Hwang I (2006) Molecular characterization of biosynthetic genes of an antifungal compound produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens MC07. J Microbiol Biotechnol 16:450–456

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krause L, Diaz NN, Edwards RA, Gartemann KH, Krömeke H, Neuweger H, Pühler A, Runte KJ, Schlüter A, Stoye J, Szczepanowski R, Tauch A, Goesmann A (2008) Taxonomic composition and gene content of a methaneproducing microbial community isolated from a biogas reactor. J Biotechnol 136:91–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kröber M, Bekel T, Diaz NN, Goesmann A, Jaenicke S, Krause L, Miller D, Runte KJ, Viehöver P, Puhler A, Schlüter A (2009) Phylogenetic characterization of a biogas plant microbial community integrating clone library 16S-rDNA sequences and metagenome sequence data obtained by 454-pyrosequencing. J Biotechnol 142:38–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CC, Kibblewhite-Accinelli RE, Wagschal K, Robertson GH, Wong DW (2006) Cloning and characterization of a cold-active xylanase enzyme from an environmental DNA library. Extremophiles 10:295–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee DG, Jeon JH, Jang MK, Kim NY, Lee JH, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Kim GD, Lee SH (2007) Screening and characterization of a novel fibrinolyticmetalloprotease from a metagenomic library. Biotechnol Lett 29:465–472

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee ET, Lim SK, Nam DH, Khang YH, Kim SD (2003) Pyoverdin (2112) of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2112 inhibits Phytophthoracapsici, a red-pepper blight causing fungus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 13:415–421

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leveau JHJ, Lindow SE (2005) Utilization of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid for growth by Pseudomonas putida strain 1290. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:2365–2371

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leveau JHJ, Gerards S, Fritsche K, Zondag G, van Veen JA (2006) Genomic flank-sequencing of plasposon insertion sites for rapid identification of functional genes. J Microbiol Methods 66:276–285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz P, Liebeton K, Niehaus F, Eck J (2002) Screening for novel enzymes for biocatalytic processes: accessing the metagenome as a resource of novel functional sequence space. Curr Opin Biotechnol 13:572–577

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Majernik A, Gottschalk G, Daniel R (2001) Screening of environmental DNA libraries for the presence of genes conferring Na+(Li+)/H+ antiporter activity on Escherichia coli: characterization of the recovered genes and the corresponding gene products. J Bacteriol 183:6645–6653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rangarajan S, Saleena LM, Vasudevan P, Nair S (2003) Biological suppression of rice diseases by Pseudomonas spp. under saline soil conditions. Plant Soil 251:73–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rees HC, Grant S, Jones B, Grant WD, Heaphy S (2003) Detecting cellulase and esterase enzyme activities encoded by novel genes present in environmental DNA libraries. Extremophiles 7:415–421

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhee JK, Ahn DG, Kim YG, Oh JW (2005) Newthermophilic and thermostable esterase with sequence similarity to the hormonesensitive lipase family, cloned from a metagenomic library. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:817–825

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Riesenfeld CS, Goodman RM, Handelsman J (2004) Uncultured soil bacteria are a reservoir of new antibiotic resistance genes. Environ Microbiol 6:981–989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez H, Gonzalez T, Selman G (2000) Expression of a mineral phosphate solubilizing gene from Erwiniaherbicola in two rhizobacterial strains. J Biotechnol 84:155–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlüter A, Bekel T, Diaz NN, Dondrup M, Eichenlaub R, Gartemann KH, Krahn I, Krause L, Krömeke H, Kruse O, Mussgnug JH, Neuweger H, Niehaus K, Pühler A, Runter KJ, Szczepanowski R, Tauch A, Tilker A, Viehöver P, Goesann A (2008) The metagenome of a biogas-producing microbial community of a production-scale biogas plant fermenter analysed by the 454-pyrosequencing technology. J Biotechnol 136:77–90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon C, Herath J, Rockstroh S, Daniel R (2009) Rapid identification of genes encoding DNA polymerases by function-based screening of metagenomic libraries derived from glacial ice. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:2964–2968

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Song JS, Jeon JH, Lee JH, Jeong SH, Jeong BC, KimSJ LJH, Lee SH (2005) Molecular characterization of TEM-type beta-lactamases identified in cold-seep sediments of Edison Seamount (south of Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea). J Microbiol 43:172–178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tejera N, Lluch C, Martinez-Toledo MV, Gonzalez-Lopez J (2005) Isolation and characterization of Azotobacter and Azospirillumstrains from the sugarcane rhizosphere. Plant Soil 270:223–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timmusk S, Nicander B, Granhall U, Tillberg E (1999) Cytokinin production by Paenibacilluspolymyxa. Soil Biol Biochem 31:1847–1852

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchiyama T, Abe T, Ikemura T, Watanabe K (2005) Substrate-induced gene-expression screening of environmental metagenome libraries for isolation of catabolic genes. Nat Biotechnol 23:88–93

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Unno Y, Shinano T (2013) Metagenomic analysis of the rhizosphere soil microbiome with respect to phytic acid utilization. Microbes Environ 28:120–127

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voget S, Leggewie C, Uesbeck A, Raasch C, Jaeger KE, Streit WR (2003) Prospecting for novel biocatalysts in a soil metagenome. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:6235–6242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Voget S, Steele HL, Streit WR (2006) Characterization of a metagenome-derived halotolerantcellulase. J Biotechnol 126:26–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C, Meek DJ, Panchal P, Boruvka N, Archibald FS, Driscoll BT, Charles TC (2006) Isolation of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate metabolism genes from complex microbial communities by phenotypic complementation of bacterial mutants. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:384–391

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Waschkowitz T, Rockstroh S, Daniel R (2009) Isolation and characterization of metalloproteases with a novel domain structure by construction and screening of metagenomic libraries. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:2506–2516

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wegley L, Edwards R, Rodriguez-Brito B, Liu H, Rohwer F (2007) Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community associated with the coral Poritesastreoides. Environ Microbiol 9:2707–2719

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wei P, Bai L, Song W, Hao G (2009) Characterization of two soil metagenome-derived lipases with high specificity for p-nitrophenylpalmitate. Arch Microbiol 191:233–240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson LL, Borlee BR, Schloss PD, Guan C, Allen HK, Handelsman J (2005) Intracellular screen to identify metagenomic clones that induce or inhibit a quorum-sensing biosensor. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:6335–6344

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

Ajit Varma is thankful to Department of Science and Technology and Department of Biotechnology for partial financial funding and to DST-FIST for providing confocal microscope facility.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Devendra K. Choudhary .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Choudhary, D.K., Varma, A. (2017). Function-Based Metagenomics to Reveal Rhizosphere Microbiome: A Glimpse. In: Varma, A., Sharma, A. (eds) Modern Tools and Techniques to Understand Microbes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49197-4_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics