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Rogoznica Lake, a Euxinic Marine Lake on the Adriatic Coast (Croatia) that Fluctuates Between Anoxic Holomictic and Meromictic Conditions

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Ecology of Meromictic Lakes

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 228))

Abstract

Rogoznica Lake is a typical example of euxinic marine lake, situated on the eastern Adriatic Coast, Croatia (43°32′ N 15°58′ E). It is a karstic depression with an area of 10.276 m2, filled with seawater with a maximum depth of 15 m. The lake is stratified during the spring–summer season, both thermally and in its salinity. There are oxic upper water layer and anoxic deeper layer. The mixolimnion varies seasonally in depth and thickness for about 1 m due to influence of meteorological conditions (temperature, wind, rainfall), which also affect the dynamics between the water layers. Rogoznica Lake can be considered as a system with both meromictic and holomictic conditions, which alternate seasonally and affect the lake’s ecology. Anoxic water is usually located below 10 m depth, and it is characterized by high concentrations of reduced sulphur species , nutrients and dissolved organic carbon. In anoxic water and laminated sediment, enrichment of trace metals, especially those that accumulate in sulphidic environment (Fe, Mo), is found. According to sedimentary enrichment of Mo (up to 81 mg kg−1), the lake can be classified as typical anoxic and meromictic environment. Extreme ecological conditions, which prevail in the lake, control the phytoplankton and zooplankton activities. Diatoms are the dominant microphytoplankton group, while oligotrich ciliates and copepods, the heterotrophic zooplankton organisms, play an important role and control the food web of the lake, especially in the post-holomictic–anoxic period. Ciliates by grazing on phototrophic sulphur bacteria at the chemocline transfer organic carbon to higher trophic levels, from anoxic to oxic conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports financially supported this study through the projects: 119-1191189-1228, 098-0982934-2717 and 275-0000000-3186. The financial support of Croatian Academy of Science and Croatian Science Foundation under the projects (1) “Investigation of Rogoznica Lake , a unique anoxic environment on the Adriatic coast related to recovering from catastrophic anoxia occurred in October 2011” and (2) IP-11-2013-5928 (ADAM-ADRA) and (3) IP-11-2013-1205 (SPHERE) is highly acknowledged. The authors thank Z. Zovko, Z. Roman, M. Čanković, E. Bura-Nakić and M. Marguš for the help and assistance during the lake water sampling and analyses. E. B. N. and M. M. are acknowledged for their help in RSS analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia

    Irena Ciglenečki & Ivica Janeković

  2. Faculty of Science, Division of Biology, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia

    Zrinka Ljubešić

  3. School of Civil, Environmental, and Mining Engineering & UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, M470, 35 Stirling Highway, Crowley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Ivica Janeković

  4. Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Kneza D. Jude 12, 20000, Dubrovnik, Croatia

    Mirna Batistić

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Correspondence to Irena Ciglenečki .

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  1. Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Ramesh D. Gulati

  2. SB RAS Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

    Egor S. Zadereev

  3. SB RAS Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

    Andrei G. Degermendzhi

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Ciglenečki, I., Ljubešić, Z., Janeković, I., Batistić, M. (2017). Rogoznica Lake, a Euxinic Marine Lake on the Adriatic Coast (Croatia) that Fluctuates Between Anoxic Holomictic and Meromictic Conditions. In: Gulati, R., Zadereev, E., Degermendzhi, A. (eds) Ecology of Meromictic Lakes. Ecological Studies, vol 228. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49143-1_6

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