Abstract
This chapter reviews the cycles used for the certification of non-road engines/vehicles in the world, which are all of the engine-dynamometer type. A distinction is made with respect to whether the cycles are steady-state or transient. For the former case, standard ISO 8178 describes most of the relevant procedures; for the latter, the non-road transient cycle, NRTC, is the applicable test. Historical review, 2D and 3D frequency diagrams and comparative results are presented for all non-road steady-state and transient cycles developed over the years, combined with results from actual engines operation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
TransportPolicy.net website. http://www.transportpolicy.net/index.php?title=Category:Nonroad. Accessed 22 Aug 2016.
Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on requirements relating to emission limits and type-approval for internal combustion engines for non-road mobile machinery. European Commission, COM(2014) 581 final, 25 Sept 2014.
ISO 8178-4:2007. Reciprocating internal combustion engines—Exhaust emission measurement, Part 4: Steady-state test cycles for different engine applications, Dec 2007.
Degobert P. Automobiles and pollution. Paris: Editions Technip; 1995.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR Parts 9, 69, et al. Control of emissions of air pollution from nonroad diesel engines and fuel; Final rule, Federal Register Vol. 69, No. 124, 29 June 2004.
EUROMOT response on the stakeholder consultation on the revision of Directive 97/68/EC on emissions from non-road mobile machinery engines. European Association of Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers, Apr 2013.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Locomotive emission standards. Regulatory support document, EPA-420-R-98-101, Apr 1998.
UNECE Global Technical Regulation No. 11. Engine emissions from agricultural and forestry tractors and from non-road mobile machinery. Established in the Global Registry on 12 Nov 2009.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final regulatory analysis: Control of emissions from nonroad diesel engines. U.S. EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA420-R-04-007, May 2004.
Lindgren M. Engine exhaust gas emissions from non-road mobile machinery—effects of transient load conditions. PhD Thesis, Dept. of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, 2004.
Ullman TL, Webb CC, Jackson Jr CC, Doorlag MH. Nonroad engine activity analysis and transient cycle generation. SAE Paper No. 1999-01-2800, 1999.
Starr ME, Buckingham JP, Jackson Jr CC. Development of transient test cycles for selected nonroad diesel engines. ASME Paper No. 99-ICE-171, 1999.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Nonregulatory nonroad duty cycles. https://www3.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/nrcycles.htm. Accessed 20 June 2016.
Rakopoulos CD, Giakoumis EG. Diesel engine transient operation. London: Springer; 2009.
Directive 2004/26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
Memorandum from Kent Helmer to Cleophas Jackson, Speed and load operating schedule for the constant speed variable load (CSVL) transient test cycle, e-Docket OAR-2003-0012-0993, 2003.
Worldwide emission standards—heavy duty and off-highway vehicles. Delphi, 2015–2016. http://delphi.com/docs/default-source/worldwide-emissions-standards/delphi-worldwide-emissions-standards-heavy-duty-off-highway-15-16.pdf. Accessed 7 Aug 2016.
Exhaust emission legislation—diesel and gas engines. VDMA, Apr 2010.
UNECE Global Technical Regulation No. 10. Off-cycle emissions (OCE). Established in the Global Registry on 24 June 2009.
Rickert G. Overview of emissions on world-harmonised and non-road cycles from the AECC Euro VI programme. AECC Technical seminar on heavy-duty engine emissions, Brussels, 25 Oct 2007.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Giakoumis, E.G. (2017). Non-Road Engines. In: Driving and Engine Cycles. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49034-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49034-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49033-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49034-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)