Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the main representatives of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD are defined as a group of chronic, immune system-mediated inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (Xavier and Podolsky in Nature 448:427–434, 2007 [1]). The pathogenesis of IBD is not fully understood; however, a similar cytokine activation profile is observed in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, which are all associated with generalized immune imbalance (Mikhailov and Furner in World J Gastroenterol 15(3):270–279, 2009 [2]; Baumgart and Carding in Lancet 369(9573):1627–1640, 2007 [3]; Kaser et al. in Annu Rev Immunol 28:573–621, 2010 [4]). On the other hand, clinical symptoms differ among these diseases and may involve various organs. Importantly, environmental and infectious factors, together with genetic predisposition lead to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and specific (abnormal) tissue responses during the course of IBD (Podolsky in N Engl J Med 347(6):417–429, 2002 [5]; Molodecky et al. in Gastroenterology 142(1):46–54, 2012 [6]). Recent studies suggest that the etiology of IBD involves environmental and genetic factors that cause dysfunction of the epithelial barrier with consequent deregulation of the mucosal immune system and responses to gut microbiota. In this chapter, an overview to IBD pathogenesis will be presented.
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Supported by the National Science Center (2015/17/N/NZ5/00677 to ASW).
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Sobolewska-Włodarczyk, A., Włodarczyk, M. (2017). Pathogenesis of IBD. In: Fichna, J. (eds) Introduction to Gastrointestinal Diseases Vol. 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49016-8_6
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