Abstract
Slavery is a ubiquitous and almost universal form of labor across the globe from prehistory to the nineteenth century. This chapter surveys legal forms slavery across the globe from prehistory to the great emancipations of the nineteenth century. It notes the ubiquity of the institution since the formation of complex societies, if not before, and suggests that most humans alive today are descended from both slaves and enslavers. Finally, the chapter questions the notion that some forms of slavery are benign.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Alexander, J. (2001). Islam, archaeology and slavery in Africa. World Archaeology, 33, 44–60.
Alpers, E. A. (2004). Flight to freedom: Escape from slavery among bonded Africans in the Indian Ocean world, c. 1750–1962. In G. Campbell (Ed.), The structure of slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (pp. 51–68). London: Frank Cass.
Ames, K. M. (2001). Slaves, chiefs and labour on the northern northwest coast. World Archaeology, 33, 1–17.
Anon. (1802–1864). Negroes miscellany. Society Miscell. Collection, Box 11A. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Anon. (1846, October). Slaves and slavery. United States Magazine and Democratic Review.
Anon. (1922f, April 14). Only slave country. Bellingham Herald.
Bales, K. (2007). Ending slavery: How we free today’s slaves. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bales, Kevin. 2012. Disposable people: New slavery in the global economy, Rev. ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Blackburn, R. (1996). Slave exploitation and the elementary structures of enslavement. In M. L. Bush (Ed.), Serfdom and slavery: Studies in legal bondage (pp. 158–180). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Blackburn, R. (2011). The American crucible: Slavery, emancipation and human rights. New York: Verso.
Bloch, M. (1961). Feudal society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Boas, F. (2014). Neanderthals. Quite Interesting. Retrieved October 9, 2014, from http://qi.com/infocloud/Neanderthals
Bodin, J. (1606). The six bookes of a commonweale (R. Knolles, Trans.). London: Impensis G. Bishop.
Bromberg, E. (1942). Wales and the mediaeval slave trade. Speculum, 17, 263–269.
Brougham, H. (1807). A concise statement of the question regarding the abolition of the slave trade (4th ed.). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme.
Buckland, W. W. (1908). The roman law of slavery: The condition of the slave in private law from Augustus to Justinian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Burke, E. (1775/2000). Mr. Burke’s speech on moving his resolutions for conciliation with the colonies. In D. Browich (Ed.), On empire, liberty, and reform: Speeches and letters of Edmund Burke (pp. 66–134). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Bush, M. (1996a). Introduction. In M. L. Bush (Ed.), Serfdom and slavery: Studies in legal bondage (pp. 1–17). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Bush, M. (1996b). Serfdom in medieval and modern Europe: A comparison. In M. L. Bush (Ed.), Serfdom and slavery: Studies in legal bondage (pp. 199–224). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Campbell, G. (2004). Introduction: Slavery and other forms of unfree labour in the Indian Ocean world. In G. Campbell (Ed.), The structure of slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (pp. vii–xxxii). London: Frank Cass.
Chanana, D. R. (1964). Slavery in ancient India as depicted in Pali and Sanskrit texts. New Delhi: People’s Publishing House.
Clarence-Smith, W. G. (2006). Islam and the abolition of slavery. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cochin, A. (1863). The results of slavery. Boston: Walker, Wise, and Company.
Conning, J., & Kevane, M. (2007). Freedom, servitude, and voluntary contracts. In K. A. Appiah & M. Bunzl (Eds.), Buying freedom: The ethics and economics of slave redemption (pp. 108–140). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Cook, L. D. (2007). The end of serfdom in Russia—Lessons for Sudan? In K. A. Appiah & M. Bunzl (Eds.), Buying freedom: The ethics and economics of slave redemption (pp. 181–199). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Davidson, B. (1961). The African slave trade. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
Davies, W. (1996). On servile status in the early Middle Ages. In M. L. Bush (Ed.), Serfdom and slavery: Studies in legal bondage (pp. 225–246). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Davis, D. B. (1966). The problem of slavery in Western culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Davis, R. C. (2003). Christian slaves, Muslim masters: White slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Deane, C. (1886). The connection of Massachusetts with slavery and the slave-trade. Worcester, MA: Charles Hamilton.
Delaye, K. (2004). Slavery and colonial representations in Indochina from the second half of the nineteenth to the early twentieth century. In G. Campbell (Ed.), The structure of slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (pp. 129–142). London: Frank Cass.
Derrick, J. (1975). Africa’s slaves today. London: Allen & Unwin.
Donald, L. (1997). Aboriginal slavery on the northwest coast of North America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dyer, C. (1996). Memories of freedom: Attitudes towards serfdom in England, 1200–1350. In M. L. Bush (Ed.), Serfdom and slavery: Studies in legal bondage (pp. 277–295). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Engerman, S. (2000). Slavery at different times and places. American Historical Review, 105, 480–484.
Engerman, S. (2007). Slavery, freedom, and Sen. In K. A. Appiah & M. Bunzl (Eds.), Buying freedom: The ethics and economics of slave redemption (pp. 77–107). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Faber, E. (1998). Jews, slaves, and the slave trade: Setting the record straight. New York: New York University Press.
Feeny, D. (1993). The demise of corvee and slavery in Thailand, 1782–1913. In M. A. Klein (Ed.), Breaking the chains: Slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia (pp. 83–111). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Finley, M. I. (1980). Ancient slavery and modern ideology. New York: Viking Press.
Fogel, R. (1989). Without consent or contract: The rise and fall of American slavery. New York: W. W. Norton.
Frankopan, P. (2016). The silk roads: A new history of the world. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Gallay, A. (2002). The Indian slave trade: The rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670–1717. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Genovese, E. (1972). Roll, Jordan, roll: The world the slaves made. New York: Random House.
Goldberg, E. S. (2007). Beyond terror: Gender, narrative, human rights. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Hall, C., Draper, N., McClelland, K., Donington, K., & Lang, R. (2014). Legacies of British slave-ownership: Colonial slavery and the formation of Victorian Britain. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hellie, R. (1982). Slavery in Russia, 1450–1725. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hodkinson, S. (2008). Spartiates, helots, and the direction of the agrarian economy: Toward an understanding of helotage in comparative perspective. In E. D. Lago & C. Katsari (Eds.), Slave systems ancient and modern (pp. 285–320). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hogendorn, J., & Lovejoy, P. E. (1992). Keeping slaves in place: The secret debate on the slavery question in northern Nigeria, 1900–1904. In J. Inikori & S. Engerman (Eds.), The Atlantic slave trade: Effects on economies, societies, and peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe (pp. 49–76). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Houston, A. (2008). Benjamin Franklin and the politics of improvement. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Hurmence, B. (Ed.). (1984). My folks don’t want me to talk about slavery: Twenty-one oral histories of former North Carolina slaves. Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair.
Johnsen, D. B. (2006). A culturally correct proposal to privatize the British Columbia salmon fishery. In T. L. Anderson, B. L. Benson, & T. E. Flanagan (Eds.), Self-determination: The other path for Native Americans (pp. 94–133). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Kara, S. (2012). Bonded labor: Tackling the system of slavery in South Asia. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kim, B. R. (2004). Nobi: A Korean system of slavery. In G. Campbell (Ed.), The structure of slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (pp. 155–168). London: Frank Cass.
Klein, H. S. (1986). African slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York: Oxford University Press.
Klein, M. (1992). The impact of the Atlantic slave trade on the societies of the western Sudan. In J. Inikori & S. Engerman (Eds.), The Atlantic slave trade: Effects on economies, societies, and peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe (pp. 25–48). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Klein, M. (1993). Introduction: Modern European expansion and traditional servitude in Africa and Asia. In M. A. Klein (Ed.), Breaking the chains: Slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia (pp. 3–36). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Kloosterboer, W. (1960). Involuntary labor since the abolition of slavery. Amsterdam: E. J. Brill.
Knight, M. (1704/1825). Entry of October 7. In S. K. Knight & T. Buckingham (Eds.), The journals of Madam Knight and Rev. Mr. Buckingham (pp. 35–46). New York: Wilder & Campbell.
Kolchin, P. (1993). American slavery, 1619–1877. New York: Hill and Wang.
Kulikoff, A. (2000). From British peasants to colonial American farmers. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Kumar, D. (1993). Colonialism, bondage, and caste in British India. In M. A. Klein (Ed.), Breaking the chains: Slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia (pp. 112–130). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Kurten, B. (1980). Dance of the Tiger. New York: Random House.
Kusimba, C. M. (2004). Archaeology of slavery in East Africa. The African Archaeological Review, 21, 59–88.
Larsen, C. (1995). Concluding remarks. In L. Beck (Ed.), Regional approaches to mortuary analysis. New York: Plenum Press.
Lovejoy, P. E. (2012). Transformations in slavery: A history of slavery in Africa (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Manning, P. (1990). Slavery and African life: Occidental, oriental, and African slave trades. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Martin, D., & Frayer, D. (1998). Troubled times: Violence and warfare in the past. New York: Routledge.
McDougall, E. A. (2007). Dilemmas in the practice of rachat in French West Africa. In K. A. Appiah & M. Bunzl (Eds.), Buying freedom: The ethics and economics of slave redemption (pp. 158–178). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
McKeown, N. (2007). The invention of ancient slavery? London: Duckworth.
Meagher, A. J. (2008). The coolie trade: The traffic in Chinese laborers to Latin America, 1847–1874. New York: Xlibris.
Meillassoux, C. (1991). The anthropology of slavery: The womb of iron and gold. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Miers, S. (2004). Slavery: A question of definition. In G. Campbell (Ed.), The structure of slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (pp. 1–16). London: Frank Cass.
Millar, J. (1771/2006). The origin of the distinction of ranks: Or, an inquiry into the circumstances, which give rise to influence and authority, in the different members of society. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Murphy, L. T. (2014). Survivors of slavery: Modern-day slave narratives. New York: Columbia University Press.
Patterson, O. (1982). Slavery and social death: A comparative study. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Patterson, O. (2008). Slavery, gender, and work in the pre-modern world and early Greece: A cross-cultural analysis. In E. D. Lago & C. Katsari (Eds.), Slave systems ancient and modern (pp. 32–69). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Pauketat, T. R. (2005). The forgotten history of the Mississippians. In T. Pauketat & D. Loren (Eds.), North American Archaeology (pp. 187–211). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Pelteret, D. (1995). Slavery in early mediaeval England: From the reign of Alfred until the twelfth century. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press.
Phillips, W. D. (1996). Continuity and change in Western slavery: Ancient to modern times. In M. L. Bush (Ed.), Serfdom and slavery: Studies in legal bondage (pp. 71–88). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Quirk, J. (2011). The anti-slavery project: From the slave trade to human trafficking. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Reid, A. (1993). The decline of slavery in nineteenth-century Indonesia. In M. A. Klein (Ed.), Breaking the chains: Slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia (pp. 64–82). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Resendez, A. (2016). The other slavery: The uncovered story of Indian enslavement in America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Rihll, T. (2008). Slavery and technology in pre-industrial contexts. In E. D. Lago & C. Katsari (Eds.), Slave systems ancient and modern (pp. 127–147). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Roberts, B. (1913). History of the Mormon Church. Americana, 8, 57–98.
Roberts, K. (2011). The origins of business, money, and markets. New York: Columbia Business School Publishing.
Saller, R. (1996). The hierarchical household in Roman society: A study of domestic slavery. In M. L. Bush (Ed.), Serfdom and slavery: Studies in legal bondage (pp. 112–129). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Schottenhammer, A. (2004). Slaves and forms of slavery in late imperial China (Seventeenth to Early Twentieth Centuries). In G. Campbell (Ed.), The structure of slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (pp. 143–154). London: Frank Cass.
Starna, W., & Watkins, R. (1991). Northern Iroquoian slavery. Ethnohistory, 38, 34–53.
Starr, C. (1958). An overdose of slavery. Journal of Economic History, 18, 17–32.
Taylor, C. C. W. (1983). A note on ancient attitudes towards slavery. Analysis, 43, 40–43.
Taylor, T. (2001). Believing the ancients: Quantitative and qualitative dimensions of slavery and the slave trade in later prehistoric Eurasia. World Archaeology, 33, 27–43.
Temperley, H. (1996). New World slavery, Old World slavery. In M. L. Bush (Ed.), Serfdom and slavery: Studies in legal bondage (pp. 144–157). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Tise, L. (1987). Proslavery: A history of the defense of slavery in America, 1701–1840. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Toledano, E. (1993). Ottoman concepts of slavery in the period of reform, 1830s–1880s. In M. A. Klein (Ed.), Breaking the chains: Slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia (pp. 37–63). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Tuchman, B. (1984). The march of folly: From Troy to Vietnam. New York: Ballantine Books.
Turton, A. (2004). Violent capture of people for exchange on Karen-Tai borders in the 1830s. In G. Campbell (Ed.), The structure of slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (pp. 69–82). London: Frank Cass.
Vogt, J. (1975). Ancient slavery and the ideal of man (T. Wiedemann, Trans.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Walker, J. E. K. (1983). Pioneer slave entrepreneurship—Patterns, processes, and perspectives: The case of the slave Free Frank on the Kentucky Pennyroyal, 1795–1819. Journal of Negro History, 68, 289–308.
Wergeland, A. M. (1916). Slavery in Germanic society during the Middle Ages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wilbur, C. M. (1967). Slavery in China during the former Han Dynasty 206 B.C.—A.D. 25. New York: Russell & Russell.
Willey, P., & Emerson, T. E. (1993). The osteology and archaeology of the Crow Creek massacre. Plains Anthropologist, 38, 227–269.
Wright, G. (2006). Slavery and American economic development. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wright, R.E. (2017). A Not So Peculiar Institution. In: The Poverty of Slavery. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48968-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48968-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48967-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48968-1
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)