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The Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Diagnosis: Definitions, Utility, Limitations

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Book cover Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

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Abstract

The definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has evolved over the past 40 years, as survival for extremely preterm infants has improved. Clinical definitions of BPD have eliminated the requirement for abnormal chest radiograph, depending only on the prescription of supplemental oxygen, and have generally transitioned from determination at 28 days of age to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. More detailed clinical definitions proposed a severity scale for BPD (in which infants on assisted ventilation are classified as severe BPD, regardless of receipt of supplemental oxygen). Other definitions of BPD that have been broadly adopted in observational and interventional research are based on a physiologic challenge conducted in infants on nasal cannula support or other forms of supplemental oxygen without assisted ventilation. The challenge assesses the ability of the infant to maintain a prespecified oxygen saturation with a gradual decrease and discontinuation of clinical respiratory support. Although physiologic and severity-based definitions of BPD likely provide more discrimination, validation studies of BPD with respect to outcomes defining respiratory morbidity at 1–2 years corrected age have predominantly been based on binary clinical definitions of BPD. Accuracy of prediction likely depends on patient population characteristics and the specific outcomes of interest.

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Abbreviations

BPD:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

FRC:

Functional residual capacity

HHFNC:

Humidified high flow nasal cannula

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, 550 16th Street, 5th Floor, UCSF Box 0748, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Roberta L. Keller MD

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  1. Roberta L. Keller MD
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Correspondence to Roberta L. Keller MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Anna Maria Hibbs

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Marianne S. Muhlebach

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Keller, R.L. (2017). The Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Diagnosis: Definitions, Utility, Limitations. In: Hibbs, A., Muhlebach , M. (eds) Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48835-6_4

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