Skip to main content

The Roles of Neuropilins in the Immune System

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 465 Accesses

Abstract

Although the neuropilins (Nrps), neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and its homologue neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), were originally identified as key molecules involved in the development of neurons, it has recently become clear that they also play important roles in the immune system. The function of Nrp1 has been well characterized, mainly in T cells, including regulatory T (Treg) cells, as well as in dendritic cells (DCs), whereas the immunological function of Nrp2 is less clearly understood. In this chapter, we discuss the identification of Nrp1 and its roles in immune systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Takagi S et al (1991) The A5 antigen, a candidate for the neuronal recognition molecule, has homologies to complement components and coagulation factors. Neuron 7:295–307

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. He Z, Tessier-Lavigne M (1997) Neuropilin is a receptor for the axonal chemorepellent Semaphorin III. Cell 90:739–751

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kolodkin AL et al (1997) Neuropilin is a semaphorin III receptor. Cell 90:753–762

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Takahashi T et al (1999) Plexin-neuropilin-1 complexes form functional semaphorin-3A receptors. Cell 99:59–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tamagnone L et al (1999) Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted, and GPI-anchored semaphorins in vertebrates. Cell 99:71–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sakaguchi S (2005) Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in immunological tolerance to self and non-self. Nat Immunol 6:345–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Shevach EM (2000) Regulatory T cells in autoimmmunity. Annu Rev Immunol 18:423–449

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Weiss JM et al (2012) Neuropilin 1 is expressed on thymus-derived natural regulatory T cells, but not mucosa-generated induced Foxp3+ T reg cells. J Exp Med 209:1723–1742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Yadav M et al (2012) Neuropilin-1 distinguishes natural and inducible regulatory T cells among regulatory T cell subsets in vivo. J Exp Med 209:1713–1722

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Milpied P et al (2009) Neuropilin-1 is not a marker of human Foxp3+ Treg. Eur J Immunol 39:1466–1471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bruder D et al (2004) Neuropilin-1: a surface marker of regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 34:623–630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sarris M et al (2008) Neuropilin-1 expression on regulatory T cells enhances their interactions with dendritic cells during antigen recognition. Immunity 28:402–413

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Delgoffe GM et al (2013) Stability and function of regulatory T cells is maintained by a neuropilin-1-semaphorin-4a axis. Nature 501:252–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY (2003) Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD41CD251 regulatory T cells. Nature Immunol 4:330–336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hori S, Nomura T, Sakaguchi S (2003) Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3. Science 299:1057–1061

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Solomon BD et al (2011) Neuropilin-1 attenuates autoreactivity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108:2040–2045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Hansen W et al (2012) Neuropilin 1 deficiency on CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells impairs mouse melanoma growth. J Exp Med. 209:2001–2016

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Lepelletier Y et al (2007) Control of human thymocyte migration by Neuropilin-1/Semaphorin-3A-mediated interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104:5545–5550

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Renand A et al (2013) Neuropilin-1 expression characterizes T follicular helper (Tfh) cells activated during B cell differentiation in human secondary lymphoid organs. PLoS One 8:e85589

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Dzionek A et al (2000) BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4: three markers for distinct subsets of dendritic cells in human peripheral blood. J Immunol 165:6037–6046

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Reizis B et al (2011) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: recent progress and open questions. Annu Rev Immunol 29:163–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Grage-Griebenow E et al (2007) Anti-BDCA-4 (neuropilin-1) antibody can suppress virus-induced IFN-alpha production of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Immunol Cell Biol 85:383–390

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Tordjman R et al (2002) A neuronal receptor, neuropilin-1, is essential for the initiation of the primary immune response. Nat Immunol 3:477–482

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Takamatsu H et al (2010) Semaphorins guide the entry of dendritic cells into the lymphatics by activating myosin II. Nat Immunol 11:594–600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Casazza A et al (2013) Impeding macrophage entry into hypoxic tumor areas by Sema3A/Nrp1 signaling blockade inhibits angiogenesis and restores antitumor immunity. Cancer Cell 24:695–709

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hayashi M et al (2012) Osteoprotection by semaphorin 3A. Nature 485:69–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atsushi Kumanogoh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nojima, S., Kumanogoh, A. (2017). The Roles of Neuropilins in the Immune System. In: Neufeld, G., Kessler, O. (eds) The Neuropilins: Role and Function in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48824-0_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics