Abstract
Cold-worked 304 stainless steels (SS) are known to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). This study employs atom-probe tomography (APT) for local chemical analysis of the oxides formed. Autoclave experiments on a set of samples with/without cold-work prior to oxidation, and with/without stress applied during oxidation, were carried out under simulated pressurised water reactor (PWR) primary conditions. APT and analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) were combined to investigate chemical and structural implications of surface and grain boundary oxidation in 304 SS. Focussed ion beam (FIB) milling was used to prepare specimens containing the same grain boundary for every analysis technique. Grain boundary and deformation band oxidation were observed in all but the unstressed and non-cold worked sample. Cavities were found ahead of the Cr-rich oxide in some of the samples. APT data suggests the presence of hydrogen in Nickel-rich regions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K Arioka et al., “Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Hydrogenated High-Temperature Water,” Corrosion, 62 (2006), 74–83.
S Lozano-Perez, “A Guide on FIB Preparation of Samples containing Stress Corrosion Crack Tip for TEM and Atom-Probe Analysis,” Micron, 39 (2008), 320–328.
S Lozano-Perez, “Novel characterization of stress corrosion cracks,” Journal of Physics Conference Series, 126 (2008), 012078.
S Lozano-Perez, V de Castro Bernal, and R J Nicholls, “Achieving sub-nanometre particle mapping with energy-filtered TEM,” Ultramicroscopy, 109 (2009), 1217–1228.
S Lozano-Perez “Improving EFTEM data using multivariate statistical analysis,” Journal of Physics Conference Series, 126 (2008) 012040.
S Lozano-Perez et al., “FIB sequential sectioning as a tool to understand environmental materials degradation in 3D,” In Conference Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems — Water Reactors, 2011.
K Arioka et al., “Dependence of stress corrosion cracking for cold-worked stainless steel on temperature and potential, and role of diffusion of vacancies at crack tips,” Corrosion, 64 (9) (2008), 691–706.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society)
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kruska, K., Lozano-Perez, S., Saxey, D.W., Terachi, T., Yamada, T., Smith, G.D.W. (2011). 3D Atom-Probe Characterization of Stress and Cold-Work in Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304 Stainless Steel. In: Busby, J.T., Ilevbare, G., Andresen, P.L. (eds) Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems — Water Reactors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48760-1_57
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48760-1_57
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48760-1
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)