Abstract
Apaza analyzes the first publicly known whistleblowing case in Peru during the Fujimori administration. The chapter also draws attention to the crucial structural and organizational changes that the whistleblowing case caused in the entire executive branch as many officials were fired, including the whistleblower. Apaza highlights the role of external whistleblowing mass media (i.e. TV channels and newspapers) and strong evidence (i.e. videos of illegal activity, thousands of pages of documents submitted to Congress and the public prosecutor) influencing the effectiveness of the whistleblowing case. Big reforms were made in government because of this case even though there was no legal protection against retaliation.
This chapter is partly revised from the original article, “What makes whistleblowing effective: Whistleblowing in Peru and South Korea” published in Public Integrity 13(2), pp.113–130 and published here with a copyright permission from Taylor & Francis.
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Notes
- 1.
Transparency International 2013: Corruption Perceptions Index 2013. Available at: http://www.transparency.org/cpi2013/results
- 2.
MESICIC, 2009, pp. 30–32, 57.
- 3.
Law N° 27815—Ethics Code for the Public Servants–Ley del Código de Etica de la Función Pública published on August 13, 2002 in Diario Oficial El Peruano; Supreme Decree 033-2005-PCM- Regulation of the Law on Ethics Code and the Public Function “–Aprueban Reglamento de la Ley del Código de Etica de la Función Pública—published on April 19, 2005 in Diario Oficial El Peruano. Also, Supreme Decree No. 005-90-PCM—Administrative Career Law—”Ley de Bases de la Carrera Administrativa y de Remuneraciones del Sector Público y su Reglamento.
- 4.
Law Nº 27785—Ley Orgánica del Sistema Nacional de Control y de la Contraloría General de la República; Resolución de Contraloría General Nº 443-2003-CG—approves the Service to Receive “denuncias” (denounces).
- 5.
Law N° 27785 Ley Orgánica del Sistema Nacional de Control y de la Contraloría General de la República.
- 6.
Global Integrity: Peru Integrity Indicators Scorecard. Available at: http://report.globalintegrity.org/Peru/2007/scorecard/60
- 7.
Diario la República, March 27, 1999.
- 8.
Diario la República, March 22, 1999.
- 9.
Diario la República, April 12, 1999.
- 10.
Diario la República, March 23, 1999.
- 11.
Diario la República, March 23, 1999.
- 12.
Diario la República, March 23, 1999.
- 13.
Diario la República, April 1, 1999.
- 14.
Diario la República, April 12, 1999.
- 15.
- 16.
Diario la República, March 23, 1999.
- 17.
Diario la República, April 7, 1999.
- 18.
Diario la República, April 10, 1999.
- 19.
Diario la República, April 14 1999.
- 20.
- 21.
Diario la República, April 14 1999.
- 22.
Diario la República, April 18, 1999.
- 23.
Diario La República, April 4, 2009
- 24.
Diario la República, April 19, 1999.
- 25.
Diario la República, March 30, 1999.
- 26.
Diario la República, April 24, 1999
- 27.
Diario la República, April 23, 1999.
- 28.
Diario la República, March 23, 1999.
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Apaza, C.R. (2017). Whistleblowing in Peru. In: Apaza, C., Chang, Y. (eds) Whistleblowing in the World. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48481-5_2
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