Abstract
CFD models have been developed and numerical simulations have been carried out to predict the formation of foam in oxygen steelmaking. Foam was considered as a separate phase comprising a mixture of gas and liquid. Bubble break up and coalescence models have also been incorporated in a CFD model to predict the number density of individual bubble classes. A population balance equation was used to track the number density of each bubble class. Decarburization with heat generation from chemical reactions was integrated in the process. User subroutines were written in FORTRAN to incorporate the foam formation, the bubble break up and coalescence rate and decarburisation in the main program. The model predicted the foam height, bubble number density, velocity of phases, decarburization, and turbulence. The result from the model has been compared with available data from literature and found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental and plant data.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Reference
M. Brämming, “Avoiding Slopping in Top-blown BOS Vessels”, Lulea, Sweden 2010.
C. Nexhip, S. Sun, and S. Jahanshahi, “Physicochemical properties of foaming slags”, International Materials Reviews, 49, (2004) 286–298.
R. Jiang, and R. J. Fruehan, “Slag foaming in bath smelting”, Metallurgical Transactions B, 22,(1991) 481–489.
K. Ito, and R. J. Fruehan, “Study on the foaming of CaO-Si02-FeO slags: Part II. Dimensional analysis and foaming in iron and steelmaking processes”, Metallurgical Transactions B, 20,(1989) 515–521.
H. Luo, and H. F. Svendsen, “Theoretical model for drop and bubble breakup in turbulent dispersions”, AIChE Journal, 42,(1996) 1225–1233.
M. J. Prince, and H. W. Blanch, “Bubble coalescence and break-up in air-sparged bubble-columns”, AIChE Journal, 36, (1990) 1485–1499.
M., Tong, K. Cole, and S. J. Neethling, “Drainage and stability of 2D foams: Foam behaviour in vertical Hele-Shaw cells” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 382, (2011) 42–49.
R., Bannari et al., “Three-dimensional mathematical modeling of dispersed two-phase flow using class method of population balance in bubble columns”, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 32, (2008) 3224–3237.
M. R. Bhole, J. B. Joshi, and D. Ramkrishna, “CFD simulation of bubble columns incorporating population balance modeling”, Chemical Engineering Science, 63, (2008) 2267–2282.
M. S., Millman, et al., “Study of refining performance in BOS converter”, Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 38, (2011) 499–509.
AVL-FIRE 2008. CFD Solver Manual, Austria, AVL, Graz,
M. A. Sattar, J. Naser, and G. Brooks, “Numerical simulation of creaming and foam formation in aerated liquid with population balance modeling”, Chemical Engineering Science, 94, (2013a) 69–78.
M. A. Sattar, J. Naser, and G. Brooks, “Numerical simulation of two-phase flow with bubble break-up and coalescence coupled with population balance modeling”, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 70, (2013b) 66–76.
A. Bhakta, and E. Ruckenstein, “Decay of standing foams: drainage, coalescence and collapse,” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 70, (1997) 1–124.
Y. Cengel, and J. Cimbala, “Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications”, McGraw-Hill Education. 2013
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society)
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sattar, M.A., Naser, J., Brooks, G. (2014). Modelling of Slag Foaming Coupled with Decarburisation. In: Mackey, P.J., Grimsey, E.J., Jones, R.T., Brooks, G.A. (eds) Celebrating the Megascale. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48234-7_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48234-7_38
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48591-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48234-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)