Abstract
The analysis of mineralogical characteristics has important significance in comprehensive utilization of polymetallic sulfide mineral resources. The wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and X-ray diffraction were performed for the standardless quantitative analysis of Ni/Cu polymetallic sulfide ore. On the basis of fundamental parameter approach and Rietveld refinement Method, the validity of mineralogical identification and quantification was confirmed for analyzing this complex sulfide ore. The quantification results were in good agreement with elemental concentrations determined by XRF and ICP, which has explained the subtle differences among four samples in the range of different granularity (>10mm; 6–10mm; 1–6mm; <1mm;). In addition, the thermogravimetric curves and magnetic hysteresis curves, as well as element distribution map characterized by SEM-EDS, shown tiny differences among four samples. These results indicate that quantitative phase analysis using the Rietveld method represents a new powerful and fast tool in studies of the complex sulfide deposit.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Yu, D.W., Utigard, T.A. & Barati, M., “Fluidized Bed Selective Oxidation-Sulfation Roasting of Nickel Sulfide Concentrate: Part II. Sulfation Roasting”. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2013. 45(2): p. 662–674.
Yu, D.W., Utigard, T.A. & Barati, M., “Fluidized Bed Selective Oxidation-Sulfation Roasting of Nickel Sulfide Concentrate: Part I. Oxidation Roasting”. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2013. 45(2): p. 653–661.
Liu, X.W. et al, “ Recovery of valuable metals from a low-grade nickel ore using an ammonium sulfate roasting-leaching process”. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2012. 19(5): p. 377–383.
Zhu, H.H. et al, “Oxidation Behavior and Mechanism of Pentlandite at 973 K (700 A degrees C) in Air”. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2012. 43(3): p. 494–502.
Zivkovic, Z.i.D, Mitevska, N. & Savovic, V., “Kinetics and mechanism of the chalcopyrite-pyrite concentrate oxidation process”. Thermochimica Acta, 1996. 282–283: p. 121–130.
Balić-Žunić, T., Katerinopoulou, A. & Edsberg, A., “Application of powder X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method to the analysis of oxidation processes and products in sulphidic mine tailings”. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie — Abhandlungen, 2011. 188(1): p. 31–47.
Monecke, T. et al, “Quantitative Phase-Analysis by the Rietveld Method Using X-Ray Powder-Diffraction Data: Application to the Study of Alteration Halos Associated with Volcanic-Rock-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits”. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2001. 39(6): p. 1617–1633.
Mumme, W.G., Tsambourakis, G. & Cranswick, L., “Improved petrological modal analyses from X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data by use of the Rietveld method. Ill. Selected massive sulfide ores”. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie-Abhandlungen, 1996. 170(3): p. 231–255.
Li, J. et al, “Applications of Rietveld-based QXRD analysis in mineral processing”. Powder Diffraction, 2014. 29(S1): p. S89–S95.
Wang, X. et al, “Quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis of poorly ordered nontronite clay in nickel laterites”. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2011. 44(5): p. 902–910.
Li, G.S. et al. “Phase transformation and element migration in the oxidation process of nickel-copper sulfide ore”. in Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015 — TMS 2015 144th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, March 15, 2015 — March 19, 2015. 2015. Orlando, FL, United states: Mnerals, Metals and Materials Society.495–502.
Alves, M.E. et al, “Rietveld-based mineralogical quantitation of deferrified oxisol clays”. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2007. 45(3): p. 224.
Rietveld, H.M., “The Rietveld method”. Physica Scripta, 2014. 89(9): p. 098002.
Rietveld, H.M., “Line profiles of neutron powder-diffraction peaks for structure refinement”. Acta Crystallographica, 1967. 22(1): p. 151–152.
Rietveld, H.M., “A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures”. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1969. 2(2): p. 65–71.
Madsen, I.C., Scarlett, N.V. & Webster, N.A., “Quantitative phase analysis”, in Uniting Electron Crystallography and Powder Diffraction. 2012, Springer, p. 207–218.
Webster, N.A.S. et al., “Fundamentals of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminum (SFCA) and SFCA-I Iron Ore Sinter Bonding Phase Formation: Effects of CaO:Si02 Ratio”. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2014. 45(6): p. 2097–2105.
Bish, D.L. & Howard, S.A., “Quantitative phase analysis using the Rietveld method”. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1988. 21: p. 86–91.
Taylor, J.C. & Matulis, C.E., “A new method for Rietveld clay analysis. Part I. Use of a universal measured standard profile for Rietveld quantification of montmorillonites”. Powder Diffraction, 1994. 9(02): p. 119–123.
Ufer, K. et al, “Quantitative phase analysis of bentonites by the Rietveld method”. Clays and Clay Minerals, 2008. 56(2): p. 272–282.
Ward, C.R. & Taylor, J.C., “Quantitative mineralogical analysis of coals from the Callide Basin, Queensland, Australia using x-ray diffractometry and normative interpretation”. Internationaljournal of Coal Geology, 1996. 30(3): p. 211–229.
Young, R.A. & Nederland, S.E.C., The rietveld method. Vol. 1. 1995: Oxford University Press Oxford
Prandel, L.V. et al., “Mineralogical analysis of clays in hardsetting soil horizons, by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction using Rietveld method”. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2014. 95: p. 65–68.
Hill, R. & Howard, C., “Quantitative phase analysis from neutron powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method”. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1987, 20(6): p. 467–474.
Downs R. T., H.-W.M., “The American mineralogist crystal structure database”. American Mineralogist, 2003. 88(1): p. 247–250.
Stephens, P.W., Uniting Electron Crystallography and Powder Diffraction: Chapter 2 Rietveld Refinement. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics ed. Kolb U, Shankland K, Meshi L., Avilov A. & David W.I. Vol. 1. 2012: Springer Science+ Business Media Dordrecht
Yu, D.W. & Utigard, T.A., “TG/DTA study on the oxidation of nickel concentrate”. Thermochimica Acta, 2012. 533: p. 56–65.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Li, G. et al. (2016). Mineralogical Analysis of Nickel/Copper Polymetallic Sulfide Ore by X-Ray Diffraction Using Rietveld Method. In: Ikhmayies, S.J., et al. Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48623-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48210-1
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)