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Materials Processing Fundamentals pp 225–236Cite as

Physical Chemistry of Roasting and Leaching Reactions for Chromium Chemical Manufacturing and Its Impact on the Environment — A Review

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Abstract

Chromium is mainly used for the production of stainless steel, in electroplating, as pigments and in leather and refractory industries. The natural resource of chromium is the chromite ore, which is a spinel (Fe2+, Mg)[Cr,Al,Fe3+]2O4, and is often present with gangue minerals such silicates. Traditionally chromium chemical extraction has been carried out with alkali and CaO roasting, which led to major environmental issues due to CaCrO4/Na2CrO4 release.

In this review we examine the physical chemistry of both the low- and high-temperature roasting processes, which oxidizes the Cr3+ to Cr6+ state. Especially, the influence of silicates and liquid phase on oxygen transport is reviewed for chromite minerals of different origins. The physical chemistry of leaching of water soluble Chromate is examined for determining the barrier to the extraction of Cr6+ ions. In this respect the role of spinel is examined. Finally, the precipitation of Cr3+ in oxide/hydroxide forms is also reviewed.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute for Materials Research, Engineering Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    Sergio Sanchez-Segado & Animesh Jha

Authors
  1. Sergio Sanchez-Segado
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  2. Animesh Jha
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China

    Lifeng Zhang Ph.D. (professor and the dean, Key Reader (Member of Board of Review) (professor and the dean, Key Reader (Member of Board of Review)

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    Antoine Allanore M.Sc., Ph.D. (Assistant Professor of Metallurgy) (Assistant Professor of Metallurgy)

  3. Saint-Gobain Innovative Materials R&D, USA

    Cong Wang Ph.D., M.S., B.S. (Senior Research Engineer) (Senior Research Engineer)

  4. Materion Brush Beryllium and Composites, Elmore, Ohio, USA

    James A. Yurko Ph.D., B.S.E. (Principal Technologist) (Principal Technologist)

  5. Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA

    Justin Crapps Ph.D.

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© 2013 TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society)

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Sanchez-Segado, S., Jha, A. (2013). Physical Chemistry of Roasting and Leaching Reactions for Chromium Chemical Manufacturing and Its Impact on the Environment — A Review. In: Zhang, L., Allanore, A., Wang, C., Yurko, J.A., Crapps, J. (eds) Materials Processing Fundamentals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48197-5_25

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