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Immunotherapy of Melanoma pp 167–198Cite as

T-Lymphocytes

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Abstract

T-lymphocytes or simply called as T-cells originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus; they are the main cells involved in cell-mediated immunity. Typically identified by the presence of T-cell receptors (TCR), T-cells are broadly classified into CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells, which upon appropriate activation by DCs differentiate into respective effector cells and initiate the immune response. The current chapter presents the details of T-cells including the different subtypes, functions and role in tumor microenvironment. The chapter first gives a brief history of T-cell discovery, lists the different components of TCR and describes the rearrangements of the V, D, J segments of the genes that are responsible for the huge diversity of receptor subunits. Next the development of naïve T-cells in thymus and the different subtypes of T-cells are described. After discussing the activation of T-cells and the various markers that help in identification of T-cells, differentiation of T-cells is described; different types of effector T-cells such as Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, Tregs and CTLs are discussed along with details of their origin, secretions, functions and role in tumor microenvironment. Towards the end of the chapter, other types of T-cells, such as NKT cells that are phenotypically similar to conventional T-cells but play a role in innate immune response instead of adaptive response and γδ T-cells, which express γδ-TCR instead of the commonly seen αβ-TCR but function similar to conventional T-cells, are described along with details of their origin, secretions, functions and role in tumor microenvironment.

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    Anand Rotte & Madhuri Bhandaru

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Rotte, A., Bhandaru, M. (2016). T-Lymphocytes. In: Immunotherapy of Melanoma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48066-4_7

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