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Neuroimaging of Pain pp 267–295Cite as

Neuroimaging in Migraines

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Abstract

Neuroimaging techniques fall broadly into two great categories, examining either structure or function, but multiple methods can be employed in either approach. Structural imaging provides static anatomical information whereas functional imaging can be regarded as the method providing dynamic physiological information. However, the division between structural and functional imaging is difficult to make and arbitrary in some measure because structure and function can be often inextricably intertwined in the brain. Recent years have seen rapid growth of neuroimaging methodology which has provided new insights into functional brain organization of migraine patients. In particular, since migraine is regarded as a disorder of the brain, functional neuroimaging offers much in terms of understanding the physiological dysfunction that characterizes migraine. Furthermore, neuroimaging techniques are crucial for clinicians in order to further elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this complex and often disabling disease and to provide new therapeutical approaches for migraine patients. This chapter aim to focus on the results of structural and functional neuroimaging studies and attempts to synthesize the literature data to provide new pathophysiological concepts for understanding migraine mechanisms.

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Abbreviations

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

GM:

Grey matter

WM:

White matter

VBM:

Voxel-based morphometry

CT:

Cortical thickness

SB:

Surface-based

DTI:

Diffusion tensor imaging

HC:

Healthy control

s-connectivity:

Structural connectivity

rCBF:

Regional cerebral blood flow

SPECT:

Single photon emission computed tomography

PET:

Positron emission tomography

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

18FDG:

2-deoxy-2-[18F] flour-d-glucose

BOLD:

Blood oxygen level dependent

MwoA:

Migraine without aura

MwA:

Migraine with aura

WMH:

White matter hyperintensities

PAG:

Periacqueductal grey matter

dLP:

Dorso lateral pons

IFG:

Inferior frontal gyrus

PCG:

Precentral gyrus

ACc:

Anterior cingulated cortex

MFG:

Middle frontal gyrus

PFc:

Prefrontal cortex

OFc:

Orbito frontal cortex

Vc:

Visual cortex

Fc:

Frontal cortex

SSc:

Somatosensory cortex

IPG:

Inferior parietal gyrus

PCc:

Posterior cingulate cortex

CSD:

Cortical spreading depression

CS:

Cortical surface

AD:

Axonal diffusivity

RD:

Radial diffusivity

MD:

Mean diffusivity

ROI:

Region of interest

CC:

Corpus callosum

TBSS:

Tract-based spatial statistics

RS:

Resting-state

f-connectivity:

Functional connectivity

ADC:

Apparent diffusion coefficient

dP:

Dorsal pons

5-HT:

5-hydroxytryptamine

µOR:

µ-opioid receptor

lOR:

l-opioid receptor

CA:

Cutaneous allodynia

3D-IIN:

3D immersive and interactive neuronavigation

NAcc:

Nucleus accumbens

NCF:

Nucleus cuneiformis

TP:

Temporal pole

EC:

Entorhinal cortex

MCc:

Middle cingulated cortex

NAA:

N–acetylaspartate

RP:

Rostral pons

VM:

Vestibular migraine

MRS:

31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy

RSN:

Resting-state networks

DMN:

Default mode network

ReHo:

Regional homogeneity

SMA:

Supplementary motor area

FPN:

Fronto-parietal networks

EF:

Executive functions

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Headache Center, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138, Naples, Italy

    Antonio Russo, Alessandro Tessitore & Gioacchino Tedeschi

  2. MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy

    Antonio Russo, Alessandro Tessitore & Gioacchino Tedeschi

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  1. Antonio Russo
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  2. Alessandro Tessitore
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  3. Gioacchino Tedeschi
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Correspondence to Gioacchino Tedeschi .

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  1. University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Luca Saba

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Russo, A., Tessitore, A., Tedeschi, G. (2017). Neuroimaging in Migraines. In: Saba, L. (eds) Neuroimaging of Pain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48046-6_10

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