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Shaping Brainstem Representation of Pitch-Relevant Information by Language Experience

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The Frequency-Following Response

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 61))

Abstract

Pitch is a robust perceptual attribute that plays an important role in speech, language, and music. We present compelling evidence supporting the notion that long-term language experience enhances the neural representation of behaviorally relevant attributes of pitch in the brainstem. Pitch relevant neural activity in the brainstem is crucially dependent on specific dimensions or features of pitch contours. By focusing on specific properties of the auditory signal, irrespective of a speech or nonspeech context, it is argued that the neural representation of acoustic–phonetic features relevant to speech perception is already emerging in the brainstem and, importantly, can be shaped by experience. Such effects of language experience on sensory processing are compatible with a more integrated approach to language and the brain. Long-term language experience appears to shape an adaptive, integrated, distributed pitch-processing network. A theoretical framework for a neural network is proposed involving coordination between local, feedforward and feedback components that can account for experience-induced enhancement of pitch representations at multiple locations of the distributed pitch processing network. Feedback, feedforward connections provide selective gating of inputs to both cortical and subcortical structures to enhance neural representation of behaviorally relevant attributes of the stimulus and instantiate local mechanisms that exhibit enhanced sensitivity to behaviorally relevant pitch attributes. The focus on pitch processing in tonal languages notwithstanding, the findings presented here should be contextualized within the broader framework of language experience shaping subcortical processing.

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Acknowledgments

The research was supported by NIH 5R01DC008549-06 (A.K.).

Compliance with Ethics Requirements

Ananthanarayan Krishnan and Jackson T. Gandour declared that they had no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Speech Language Hearing Sciences, Lyles-Porter Hall, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2122, USA

    Ananthanarayan Krishnan & Jackson T. Gandour

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  1. Ananthanarayan Krishnan
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  2. Jackson T. Gandour
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ananthanarayan Krishnan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Nina Kraus

  2. Dept. of Hearing &Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Samira Anderson

  3. Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Travis White-Schwoch

  4. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

  5. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

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Krishnan, A., Gandour, J.T. (2017). Shaping Brainstem Representation of Pitch-Relevant Information by Language Experience. In: Kraus, N., Anderson, S., White-Schwoch, T., Fay, R., Popper, A. (eds) The Frequency-Following Response. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 61. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47944-6_3

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