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‘Femminicidio’, Gender Identity, and Feminism Contested. A Narrative of Ideology

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Femicide, Gender and Violence

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Abstract

This chapter is dedicated to what I call ‘ideology narrative’, that is to say a narrative oriented around the concept of ideology applied to three different objects: the ‘femminicidio’ narrative, feminism, and the term ‘gender’. Two social movements speak this narrative: the shared parenting and the anti-gender movement. Through the ‘ideology narrative’ these groups contest sexism against men and the hegemony of gender representation of human identity and relationships between the sexes. I will show that statements found in the ‘femminicidio’ narrative are re-enacted in other debates, such as that of same-sex marriage and parenting and identity self-determination, becoming taken for granted as common sense through techniques that are typical of ideology and political correctness.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Petition available at: http://www.notizieprovita.it/petizione-sulleducazione-affettiva-e-sessuale-nelle-scuole/ (accessed 20 November 2015).

  2. 2.

    For example Piemonte Region approved a resolution that provides the possibility for public servants of choosing the type of gender with which to be identified on their badge regardless their registered record. (http://www.regioni.it/sociale/2015/06/23/regionipiemontesesso-di-elezione-su-tesserino-dipendenti-410338/).

  3. 3.

    Speech made in Rome on 14 June 2015. Retrieved from: http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/speeches/2015/june/documents/papa-francesco_20150614_convegno-diocesi-roma.html (accessed 20 January 2016).

  4. 4.

    Personal interview, 6 May 2014, Rome.

  5. 5.

    Personal interview, 29 April 2014, Skype.

  6. 6.

    Personal interview, 23 June 2014, Skype.

  7. 7.

    Project’s website: http://giocodelrispetto.org/ (accessed 6 January 2016).

  8. 8.

    Project guidelines (authored by Lucia Beltramini and Daniela Paci) are made available online by the newspaper Il Giornale at: http://www.ilgiornale.it/sites/default/files/documenti/1426079229-IL%20GIOCO%20DEL%20RISPETTO_Linee%20Guida%202_slim.pdf (accessed 6 January 2016).

  9. 9.

    Groups of parents and educators who disagree with the spread of gender-based activities in schools have organised across the country a network of committees called Articolo 26, name that refers to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states the priority role of parents in the choice of education for their children. The committee’s website: http://comitatoarticolo26.it/ (accessed 6 January 2016).

  10. 10.

    Tieri, S. (2015, 12 March). Trieste, all’asilo il ‘gioco del rispetto’ ma per i media sono ‘lezioni porno’. Il Fatto Quotidiano. Retrieved from: http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/03/12/trieste-allasilo-gioco-per-i-media-lezioni-porno/1499660/ (accessed 6 January 2016).

  11. 11.

    Kirchgaessner, S. (2015, 10 May). School plan to change gender stereotypes causes storm in Italy. The Guardian. Retrieved from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/10/school-plan-change-gender-stereotypes-storm-italy (accessed 6 January 2016).

  12. 12.

    Tamaro, S. (2015, 12 March). Spiegare ai bambini ciò che sesso non è. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved from: http://www.corriere.it/opinioni/15_marzo_12/spiegare-bambini-cio-che-sesso-non-8ce64de8-c884-11e4-9fa6-f0539e9b2e9a.shtml (accessed 6 January 2016).

  13. 13.

    Zhok, A. (2015, 15 March). Gioco del rispetto: lodevole ma pone dubbi. Il Piccolo. Retrieved from: http://ilpiccolo.gelocal.it/trieste/cronaca/2015/03/15/news/gioco-del-rispetto-lodevole-ma-pone-dubbi-1.11049613 (accessed 6 January 2016).

  14. 14.

    Morana, V. (2015, 12 March). Gioco del Rispetto: perfino i disegni non vanno bene. Vita Nuova. Retrieved from http://www.vitanuovatrieste.it/gioco-del-rispetto-perfino-i-disegni-non-vanno-bene-2/ (accessed 6 January 2016).

  15. 15.

    Cosolini: ‘Il gioco insegna l’uguaglianza. Falsità vergognose’. (2015, 9 March). Il Piccolo. Retrieved from: http://ilpiccolo.gelocal.it/trieste/cronaca/2015/03/11/news/cosolini-gioco-insegna-uguaglianza-falsita-vergognose-1.11024435 (accessed 6 January 2016).

  16. 16.

    Falsetta, F. (2015, 12 March). I Templari: ‘il gioco del gender? Un progetto contra naturam’. Il Giornale. Retrieved from: http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/i-templari-gioco-gender-progetto-contra-naturam-1104403.html (accessed 6 January 2016).

  17. 17.

    Matzuzzi, M. (2015, 22 March). Il Papa: ‘La teoria del gender è uno sbaglio della mente umana’. Il Foglio. Retrieved from: http://www.ilfoglio.it/laltro-mondo/2015/03/22/il-papa-la-teoria-del-gender-uno-sbaglio-della-mente-umana___1-vr-126919-rubriche_c206.htm (accessed 6 January 2016).

  18. 18.

    Press release 22 March 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.psicologi.fvg.it/notizie.php?action=379 (accessed 6 January 2016).

  19. 19.

    Ermini, A. (2013, 30 June). Aborto, omofobia e femminicidio? Retrieved from: https://maschiselvaticiblog.wordpress.com/2013/06/30/aborto-omofobia-e-femminicidio/ (accessed 6 January 2016).

  20. 20.

    Let us for example take the example of prominent Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci’s book published in 1961 titled Il Sesso Inutile (The Useless Sex).

  21. 21.

    Progetto pilota ‘Prevenzione della violenza contro le donne: percorsi di formazione-educazione al rispetto delle differenze’, p. 1. Available at: http://www.soroptimist.it/public_nuovo/786-10-01-2015-MIUR.AOODGSIP.REGISTRO_UFFICIALEU.0006901.27-11-20141-1.pdf (accessed 6 January 2016).

  22. 22.

    Brachetta, S. (2015, 27 March). Il Gioco del Rispetto, l’Ordine degli psicologi e la teoria del gender. Vita Nuova. Retrieved from: http://www.vitanuovatrieste.it/il-gioco-del-rispetto-lordine-degli-psicologi-e-la-teoria-del-gender/ (accessed 6 January 2016).

  23. 23.

    Personal interview, 19 April 2014, telephone.

  24. 24.

    Let me clarify my position on this slippery point: Although forcing anyone to repress his/her homosexual inclination is certainly condemnable, I do think it is important that psychologists play an important role in helping individuals to express their identity (Spitzer 2003). As psychologist Gilberto Gobbi (2014) argues, as part of our development as human beings during life, and especially adolescence, we have doubts on our psychosexual identity and answers that we give to ourselves to solve this temporary crisis are highly influenced by the social environment. It is the role of psychotherapists helping patients to find their way.

  25. 25.

    Avviso ai giornalisti cattolici. Come non scrivere un articolo con ‘tic omofobici’ (2013, 16 December). Tempi. Retrieved from: http://www.tempi.it/avviso-ai-giornalisti-cattolici-ecco-come-non-scrivere-un-articolo-con-tic-omofobici#.Vo0r0PH0905 (accessed 6 January 2016).

  26. 26.

    RIRO website: http://www.registrorazzista.it/ (accessed 6 January 2016).

  27. 27.

    Lalli, C. (2015, 31 March). Tutti pazzi per il gender. Internazionale. Retrieved from: http://www.internazionale.it/opinione/chiara-lalli/2015/03/31/teoria-gender-diritti (accessed 6 January 2016).

  28. 28.

    Personal interview, 8 April 2014, Milan.

  29. 29.

    Miriano, C. (2015, 14 March). Tutto tranne una mamma. Retrieved from: http://costanzamiriano.com/2015/03/12/tutto-tranne-una-mamma/#more-13205 (accessed 6 January 2016).

  30. 30.

    Adiantum (2013, 11 September).

  31. 31.

    Onu: l’Italia è uno dei paesi al mondo più sicuri per le donne (2012, 20 October). Retrieved from: http://www.centriantiviolenza.eu/onu-italia-fra-paesi-piu-sicuri-per-le-donne/ (accessed 6 January 2016).

  32. 32.

    Personal interview, 23 June 2014, telephone.

  33. 33.

    Speech made on 4 June 2013 at the Chamber of Deputies, session 28. Retrieved from: http://www.camera.it/leg17/410?idSeduta=0028&tipo=stenografico (accessed 6 January 2016).

  34. 34.

    Personal interview, 6 May 2014, Rome.

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    Daniela Bandelli

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Bandelli, D. (2017). ‘Femminicidio’, Gender Identity, and Feminism Contested. A Narrative of Ideology. In: Femicide, Gender and Violence. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47785-5_5

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