Evidence on Conflict Resolution: Partial Agreements and Overall Failed Attempts, 1937–2014

Abstract

The Arab-Israel protracted conflict (PC) has experienced more attempts at conflict resolution than any other active PC since the end of World War I:

• Peel Commission Report (7 July 1937)

• UN Partition Resolution 181 (29 November 1947)

• UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP), Lausanne Conference (27 April–12 September 1949)

• UN Security Council Resolution 242 (22 November 1967)

• Jarring Mediation (23 November 1967–March 1971)

• Camp David Summit I and Egypt–Israel Peace Agreement (5 September 1978–26 March 1979)

• Israel–Lebanon Abortive Agreement (17 May 1983)

• Arafat Statement at Stockholm News Conference and Address to UN General Assembly (8 and 13 December 1988)

• Madrid Peace Conference (30 October–1 November 1991)

• Oslo I Accord (20 August and 13 September 1993)

• Gaza–Jericho Agreement (4 May 1994)

• Oslo II Accord (28 September 1995)

• Hebron Agreement (17 January 1997)

• Wye River Memorandum (23 October 1998)

• Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum (4 September 1999)

• Camp David Summit II (11–25 July 2000)

• Clinton Parameters (23–27 December 2000)

• Taba Talks (21–27 January 2001)

• Arab Peace Initiative (27 March 2002)

• Road Map for Peace (24 June 2002)

• Olmert Peace Plan (September 2008)

• Israel–Palestine Peace Talks—Kerry Mediation Effort (29 July 2013–29 April 2014)

Arab-Israel PC: Conditions Favorable to Conflict Resolution

• Exhaustion

• Changes in Balance of Capability Between Adversaries—Narrowing the Gap

• External Pressures for Conflict Resolution

• Domestic Pressures for Conflict Resolution

• Reduction in Discordance Among Basic Objectives

• Decline in Conflict-Sustaining Acts