Abstract
As knowledge about elder mistreatment (EM) has amassed, there has been a concomitant evolution in the definitions used to characterize EM. In this chapter, we seek to explore the challenges in the crafting of these definitions. Critical elements of the most commonly identified types of EM will be identified and discussed. Additionally, legal and cultural influences on EM definitions within populations will be examined. To advance the field of EM, we offer a selection of sources to further the understanding of EM definitions and make suggestions to improve the use of EM definitions in research and practice.
References
Mysyuk Y, Westendorp RG, Lindenberg J. Added value of elder abuse definitions: a review. Ageing Res Rev. 2013;12(1):50–7.
Goergen T, Beaulieu M. Critical concepts in elder abuse research. Int Psychogeriatr. 2013;25(8):1217–28.
A global response to elder abuse and neglect: building primary health care capacity to deal with the problem worldwide: main report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2008.
Navarro AE, Wysong J, DeLiema M, Schwartz EL, Nichol MB, Wilber KH. Inside the black box: the case review process of an elder abuse forensic center. Gerontologist. 2015;1–11.
Aggarwal R, Ringold S, Khanna D, Neogi T, Johnson SR, Miller A, et al. Distinctions between diagnostic and classification criteria? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(7):891–7.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub; 2013 May 22.
World Health Organization. International classification of diseases (ICD).
Rovi S, Johnson M. More harm than good? Diagnostic codes for child and adult abuse. Violence Vict. 2003;18(5):491–502.
Jirik S, Sanders S. Analysis of elder abuse statutes across the United States, 2011–2012. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2014;57(5):478–97.
Pavlou MP, Lachs MS. Could self-neglect in older adults be a geriatric syndrome? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(5):831–42.
National center on elder abuse administration on aging department of health and human services. Types of abuse [internet] 2015. http://www.ncea.aoa.gov/FAQ/Type_Abuse/index.aspx. Accessed 21 Aug 2015.
Burnes D, Pillemer K, Caccamise PL, Mason A, Henderson CR Jr, Berman J, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for elder abuse and neglect in the community: a population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(9):1906–12.
Doron I, Band-Winterstein T, Naim S. The meaning of elder self-neglect: social workers’ perspective. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2013;77(1):17–36.
Jackson SL. The shifting conceptualization of elder abuse in the United States: from social services, to criminal justice, and beyond. Int Psychogeriatr. 2015;1–8.
Center on elder abuse. Conceptual definitions and operational frameworks for five types of perpetrated elder mistreatment [internet] 2015. http://www.centeronelderabuse.org/files/elder_mistreatment_terms.pdf. Accessed 20 Aug 2015.
Baker AA. Granny battering. Nurs Mirror Midwives J. 1977;144(8):65–6.
Policastro C, Finn MA. Coercive control and physical violence in older adults: analysis using data from the National Elder Mistreatment Study. J Interpers Violence. 2015;1–20.
Ziminski CE, Wiglesworth A, Austin R, Phillips LR, Mosqueda L. Injury patterns and causal mechanisms of bruising in physical elder abuse. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(2):84–91 (quiz E1–E2).
Acierno R, Hernandez MA, Amstadter AB, Resnick HS, Steve K, Muzzy W, et al. Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: the National Elder Mistreatment Study. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(2):292–7.
Young LM. Elder physical abuse. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30(4):761–8.
Bonnie RJ, Wallace RB, editors. Panel to review risk and prevalence of elder abuse. In: Elder mistreatment: abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America. National Academies Press; 2003 Feb 6.
Taft LB, Barkin RL. Drug abuse? Use and misuse of psychotropic drugs in Alzheimer’s care. J Gerontol Nurs. 1990;16(8):4–10.
Hughes CM, Lapane KL. Administrative initiatives for reducing inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic drugs in nursing homes: how successful have they been? Drugs Aging. 2005;22(4):339–51.
Capezuti E, Brush BL, Won RM, Wagner LM, Lawson WT. Least restrictive or least understood? Waist restraints, provider practices, and risk of harm. J Aging Soc Policy. 2008;20(3):305–22.
Aravanis SC, Adelman RD, Breckman R, Fulmer TT, Holder E, Lachs M, et al. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines on elder abuse and neglect. Arch Fam Med. 1993;2(4):371–88.
Nerenberg L. Communities respond to elder abuse. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2006;46(3–4):5–33.
Stiegel LA. Legal issues related to elder abuse: a desk guide for law enforcement [Internet]. American Bar Association Commission on Law and Aging 2015. http://www.americanbar.org/groups/law_aging/resources/elder_abuse/legal_issues_related_to_elder_abuse_guides.html. Accessed 16 Dec 2015.
Wolf RS, Daichman L, Bennett G. Abuse of the elderly. In: Krug BG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB, Lozano R, editors. World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. p. 148–71.
Taylor RM, editor. Elder abuse and its prevention: workshop summary. National Academies Press; 2014 Mar 18.
Stiegel LA, Klem EV. Types of abuse: provisions and citations in Adult Protective Services laws, by state: American Bar Association Commission on Law and Aging 2007. Available from: http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/aging/about/pdfs/Abuse_Types_Statutory_Provisions_by_State_Chart.authcheckdam.pdf.
Dong XQ. Elder abuse: systematic review and implications for practice. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(6):1214–38.
Kosberg JI. Rosalie Wolf Memorial Lecture: reconsidering assumptions regarding men as elder abuse perpetrators and as elder abuse victims. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2014;26(3):207–22.
Dutton MA, Goodman LA. Coercion in intimate partner violence: toward a new conceptualization. Sex Roles. 2005;52:743–56.
Schofield MJ, Mishra GD. Validity of self-report screening scale for elder abuse: Women’s Health Australia Study. Gerontologist. 2003;43(1):110–20.
Crichton S, Bond JBJ, Harvey C, Ristock J. Elder abuse: feminist and ageist perspectives. J Elder Abuse Negl. 1999;10(3–4):115–30.
Tronetti P. Evaluating abuse in the patient with dementia. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30(4):825–38.
Hardesty JL, Crossman KA, Haselschwerdt ML, Raffaelli M, Ogolsky BG, Johnson MP. Toward a standard approach to operationalizing coercive control and classifying violence types. J Marriage Fam. 2015;77(4):833–43.
Schofield MJ, Powers JR, Loxton D. Mortality and disability outcomes of self-reported elder abuse: a 12-year prospective investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(5):679–85.
Madden C. Elder abuse in the United States. J Clin Forensic Med. 1995;2(1):1–8.
Lindbloom EJ, Brandt J, Hough LD, Meadows SE. Elder mistreatment in the nursing home: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007;8(9):610–6.
Frank C, Hodgetts G, Puxty J. Safety and efficacy of physical restraints for the elderly. Review of the evidence. Can Fam Physician. 1996;42:2402–9.
Wiglesworth A, Austin R, Corona M, Schneider D, Liao S, Gibbs L, et al. Bruising as a marker of physical elder abuse. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(7):1191–6.
Paranitharan P, Pollanen MS. The interaction of injury and disease in the elderly: a case report of fatal elder abuse. J Forensic Leg Med. 2009;16(6):346–9.
Langley J, Brenner R. What is an injury? Inj Prev. 2004;10(2):69–71.
Hawley DA, McClane GE, Strack GB. A review of 300 attempted strangulation cases part III: injuries in fatal cases. J Emerg Med. 2001;21(3):317–22.
O’Brien JG. Screening for elder abuse and neglect. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015 Aug;63(8):1689.
Rinker AG Jr. Recognition and perception of elder abuse by prehospital and hospital-based care providers. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;48(1):110–5.
Murphy K, Waa S, Jaffer H, Sauter A, Chan A. A literature review of findings in physical elder abuse. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2013;64(1):10–4.
Gibbs LM. Understanding the medical markers of elder abuse and neglect: physical examination findings. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30(4):687–712.
LoFaso VM, Rosen T. Medical and laboratory indicators of elder abuse and neglect. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30(4):713–28.
Ziminski CE, Phillips LR, Woods DL. Raising the index of suspicion for elder abuse: cognitive impairment, falls, and injury patterns in the emergency department. Geriatr Nurs. 2012;33(2):105–12.
Collins KA, Sellars K. Vertebral artery laceration mimicking elder abuse. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2005;26(2):150–4.
Adams AE, Sullivan CM, Bybee D, Greeson MR. Development of the scale of economic abuse. Violence Against Women. 2008;14(5):563–88.
Postmus JL, Plummer SB, McMahon S, Murshid NS, Kim MS. Understanding economic abuse in the lives of survivors. J Interpers Violence. 2012;27(3):411–30.
Conrad KJ, Iris M, Ridings JW, Fairman KP, Rosen A, Wilber KH. Conceptual model and map of financial exploitation of older adults. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2011;23(4):304–25.
Stiegel LA. Durable power of attorney abuse: it’s a crime too [internet] 2008. http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/aging/about/pdfs/durable_poa_abuse_fact_sheet_consumers.authcheckdam.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2015.
Stiegel LA, Klemm EV. Power of attorney abuse: what states can do about it. Washington, DC: AARP Public Policy Institute; 2008. Available from: http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/consume/2008_17_poa.pdf.
Wood S, Rakela B, Liu PJ, Navarro AE, Bernatz S, Wilber KH, et al. Neuropsychological profiles of victims of financial elder exploitation at the Los Angeles County elder abuse forensic center. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2014;26(4):414–23.
Quinn MJ. Undue influence and elder abuse: recognition and intervention strategies. Geriatr Nurs. 2002;23(1):11–6.
James BD, Boyle PA, Bennett DA. Correlates of susceptibility to scams in older adults without dementia. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2014;26(2):107–22.
Griffith HR, Belue K, Sicola A, Krzywanski S, Zamrini E, Harrell L, et al. Impaired financial abilities in mild cognitive impairment: a direct assessment approach. Neurology. 2003;60(3):449–57.
Martin R, Griffith HR, Belue K, Harrell L, Zamrini E, Anderson B, et al. Declining financial capacity in patients with mild Alzheimer disease: a one-year longitudinal study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;16(3):209–19.
Wilber KH, Reynolds SL. Introducing a framework for defining financial abuse of the elderly. J Elder Abuse Negl. 1997;8(2):61–80.
Gassoumis ZD, Navarro AE, Wilber KH. Protecting victims of elder financial exploitation: the role of an Elder Abuse Forensic Center in referring victims for conservatorship. Aging Ment Health. 2015;19(9):790–8.
Kemp BJ, Mosqueda LA. Elder financial abuse: an evaluation framework and supporting evidence. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(7):1123–7.
Peterson JC, Burnes DP, Caccamise PL, Mason A, Henderson CR Jr, Wells MT, et al. Financial exploitation of older adults: a population-based prevalence study. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(12):1615–23.
Connolly MT. Where elder abuse and the justice system collide: police power, parens patriae, and 12 recommendations. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2010;22(1–2):37–93.
Payne BK, Strasser SM. Financial exploitation of older persons in adult care settings: comparisons to physical abuse and the justice system’s response. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2012;24(3):231–50.
Conrad KJ, Iris M, Ridings JW, Langley K, Wilber KH. Self-report measure of financial exploitation of older adults. Gerontologist. 2010;50(6):758–73.
Choi N, Kulick DB, Mayer J. Financial exploitation of elders: Analysis of risk factors based on county Adult Protective Services data. J Elder Abuse Negl. 1999;10(3):39–63.
Lingler JH. Ethical issues in distinguishing sexual activity from sexual maltreatment among women with dementia. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2003;15(2):85–102.
Burgess AW, Ramsey-Klawsnik H, Gregorian SB. Comparing routes of reporting in elder sexual abuse cases. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2008;20(4):336–52.
Ramsey-Klawsnik H, Teaster PB, Mendiondo MS, Marcum JL, Abner EL. Sexual predators who target elders: findings from the first national study of sexual abuse in care facilities. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2008;20(4):353–76.
Teitelman J. Sexual abuse of older adults: appropriate responses for health and human services providers. J Health Hum Serv Adm. 2006;29(2):209–27.
Hanrahan NP, Burgess AW, Gerolamo AM. Core data elements tracking elder sexual abuse. Clin Geriatr Med. 2005;21(2):413–27.
Rosen T, Lachs MS, Pillemer K. Sexual aggression between residents in nursing homes: literature synthesis of an underrecognized problem. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(10):1970–9.
Benbow SM, Beeston D. Sexuality, aging, and dementia. Int Psychogeriatr. 2012;24(7):1026–33.
Watts C, Zimmerman C. Violence against women: global scope and magnitude. Lancet. 2002;359(9313):1232–7.
Basile KC. Histories of violent victimization among women who reported unwanted sex in marriages and intimate relationships: findings from a qualitative study. Violence Against Women. 2008;14(1):29–52.
Gorbien MJ, Eisenstein AR. Elder abuse and neglect: an overview. Clin Geriatr Med. 2005;21(2):279–92.
Loue S. Redefining the emotional and psychological abuse and maltreatment of children: legal implications. J Leg Med. 2005;26(3):311–37.
Behl LE, Conyngham HA, May PF. Trends in child maltreatment literature. Child Abuse Negl. 2003;27(2):215–29.
Creighton SJ. An epidemiological study of child abuse. Child Abuse Negl. 1979 Dec 31;3(2):601–5.
Trocme N, Fallon B, Maclaurin B, Chamberland C, Chabot M, Esposito T. Shifting definitions of emotional maltreatment: an analysis child welfare investigation laws and practices in Canada. Child Abuse Negl. 2011;35(10):831–40.
Cooper C, Selwood A, Blanchard M, Walker Z, Blizard R, Livingston G. The determinants of family carers’ abusive behaviour to people with dementia: results of the CARD study. J Affect Disord. 2010;121(1–2):136–42.
Conrad KJ, Iris M, Ridings JW, Langley K, Anetzberger GJ. Self-report measure of psychological abuse of older adults. Gerontologist. 2011;51(3):354–66.
Wiglesworth A, Mosqueda L, Mulnard R, Liao S, Gibbs L, Fitzgerald W. Screening for abuse and neglect of people with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(3):493–500.
Conrad KJ, Iris M, Ridings JW, Rosen A, Fairman KP, Anetzberger GJ. Conceptual model and map of psychological abuse of older adults. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2011;23(2):147–68.
Castle N, Beach S. Elder abuse in assisted living. J Appl Gerontol. 2013;32(2):248–67.
Mihaljcic T, Lowndes G. Individual and community attitudes toward financial elder abuse. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2013;25(2):183–203.
Sanchez YM. Distinguishing cultural expectations in assessment of financial exploitation. J Elder Abuse Negl. 1996;8(2):49–59.
Lee HY, Lee SE, Eaton CK. Exploring definitions of financial abuse in elderly Korean immigrants: the contribution of traditional cultural values. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2012;24(4):293–311.
Phelan A. International perspectives on elder abuse. Routledge; 2013 Mar 7.
Enguidanos S, DeLiema M, Aguilar I, Lambrinos J, Wilber K. Multicultural voices: attitudes of older adults in the United States about elder mistreatment. Ageing Soc. 2014;34(5):877–903.
Tomita SK. The consideration of cultural factors in the research of elder mistreatment with an in-depth look at the Japanese. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 1994;9(1):39–52.
Matsumoto D. Culture, context, and behavior. J Pers. 2007;75(6):1285–319.
Violence prevention: the evidence. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
Dilworth-Anderson P, Gibson BE. The cultural influence of values, norms, meanings, and perceptions in understanding dementia in ethnic minorities. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2002;16(Suppl 2):S56–63.
Zechenter EM. In the name of culture: cultural relativism and the abuse of the individual. J Anthropol Res. 1997;53(3):319–47.
Leung J, Wong YC, editors. Community-based service for the frail elderly in China. Int soc work. 2002;45(2):205–216.
Kosberg JI, Lowenstein A, Garcia JL, Biggs S. Study of elder abuse within diverse cultures. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2003;15(3):71–89.
Dong X. Culture diversity and elder abuse: implications for research, education and policy. J Am Soc Aging. 2012;36(3):40–2.
Dong X. Advancing the field of elder abuse: future directions and policy implications. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(11):2151–6.
Krug EG, Mercy JA, Dahlberg LL, Zwi AB. The world report on violence and health. Lancet. 2002;360(9339):1083–8.
World Health Organization. Missing voices: views of older persons on elder abuse. In: Missing voices: views of older persons on elder abuse. 2002. p.23.
Jervis LL. Native elder mistreatment. Elder abuse and its prevention: workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2014.
Dong X, Simon MA, Gorbien M. Elder abuse and neglect in an urban Chinese population. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2007;19(3–4):79–96.
Ahn HN. Cultural diversity and the definition of child abuse. In: Barth RP, Berrick JD, Gilbert N, editors. Child welfare research review, vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press; 1994.
Senturia K, Sullivan M, Ciske S, Shiu-Thornton S. Cultural issues affecting domestic violence service utilization in ethnic and hard to reach populations, final report. U.S. Department of Justice, 2000 98-WT-VX-0025.
Kenya ‘witch’ case mass arrests [televison broadcast]. Africa: BBC News; 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7425386.stm. Accessed 29 May 2008.
Archer J. Cross-cultural differences in physical aggression between partners: a social-role analysis. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2006;10(2):133–53.
Anetzberger GJ, Korbin JE, Tomita SK. Defining elder mistreatment in four ethnic groups across two generations. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 1996;11(2):187–212.
Moon A, Tomita SK, Jung-Kamei S. Elder mistreatment among four Asian-American groups: an exploratory study on tolerance, victim blaming and attitudes toward third-party intervention. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2002;36(1–2):153–69.
Berisic M, Nesvadba N. Perceptions of dementia in ethnic communities. Project Report. Melbourne: Alzheimer’s Australia Victoria. 2008. https://www.fightdementia.org.au/files/20101201-Nat-CALD-Perceptions-of-dementia-in-ethnic-communities-Oct08.pdf. Accessed 21 Feb 2016.
Mitchell KJ, Finkelhor D. Risk of crime victimization among youth exposed to domestic violence. J Interpers Violence. 2001;16:944–64.
Kosberg JI, Garcia JL. Elder abuse: international and cross-cultural perspectives. New York: Haworth Press; 1995.
Lee YS, Moon A, Gomez C. Elder mistreatment, culture, and help-seeking: a cross-cultural comparison of older Chinese and Korean immigrants. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2014;26(3):244–69.
Protection of the rights and interests of the elderly, 1996.
Moon A, Williams O. Perceptions of elder abuse and help-seeking patterns among African-American, Caucasian American, and Korean-American elderly women. Gerontologist. 1993;33(3):386–95.
Gellner E. Relativism and social sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1985.
Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts C. WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses. Geneva: WHO Press; 2005.
Adjei SB. “Correcting an erring wife is normal”: moral discourses of spousal violence in Ghana. J Interpers Violence. 2015 Dec 16. pii: 0886260515619751.
Ramsey-Klawsnik H. Elder sexual abuse within the family. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2004;15(1):43–58.
Jackson AL. State contexts and the criminalization of marital rape across the United States. Soc Sci Res. 2015;51:290–306.
Triandis HC. Collectivism and individualism as cultural syndromes. Cross-Cult Res. 1993;27(3–4):155–80.
Moon A. Perceptions of elder abuse among various cultural groups: similarities and differences. Generations. 2000;24(2):75–80.
Dong X. Elder abuse in Chinese populations: a global review. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2015;27(3):196–232.
Dong X. Do the definitions of elder mistreatment subtypes matter? Findings from the PINE Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(Suppl 2):S68–75.
Chang ES, Dong X. Understanding elder abuse in the Chinese community: the role of cultural, social, and community factors. Elder abuse and its prevention: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2014. p. 53–8.
Lowenstein A. Elder abuse and neglect—“old phenomenon”: new directions for research, legislation, and service developments (2008 Rosalie S. Wolf Memorial Elder Abuse Prevention Award-International Category Lecture). J Elder Abuse Negl. 2009;21(3):278–87.
Heisler CJ. Elder abuse and the criminal justice system: new awareness, new responses. Generations. 2000;24(2):52–61.
Wolf RS, Hodge P, Roberts P. Elder abuse and neglect: prosecution and prevention. Crit Issues Aging. 1998;2:35–8.
Payne BK, Berg B. Perceptions about the criminalization of elder abuse. Crime Delinq. 2003;49(3):39–60.
Payne BK, Gainey RR. The criminal justice response to elder abuse in nursing homes: a routine activities perspective. West Criminol Rev. 2006;7(3):67–81.
Katz SN, Ambrosino L, McGrath M, Sawitsky K. Legal research on child abuse and neglect: past and future. Fam Law Q. 1977;11(2):151–84.
Lynch MJ, Stretesky PB, Long MA. Defining crime: a critique of the concept and its implication. New York: Palgrave MacMillian; 2015.
Fon V, Parisi F. Codifications and the optimal specificity of legal rules. In: Law GMUSo, editor.George Mason University School of Law (VA). Available from: http://www.law.gmu.edu/assets/files/publications/working_papers/04-32.pdf.
Quinney R. The social reality of crime. Boston: Little; 1970.
Department of Justice, Government of Canada. Legal definitions of elder abuse and neglect. 2015 [Internet]. http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/elder-aines/def/p1.html. Accessed 16 Jan 2016.
Podnieks E, Anetzberger GJ, Wilson SJ, Teaster PB, Wangmo T. WorldView environmental scan on elder abuse. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2010;22(1–2):164–79.
Georgantzi N. Elder abuse and neglect in the European Union. UN Open-ended Working Group on Ageing, 2012. Accessed 21-24 Aug 2012.
Policastro C, Gainey RR, Payne B. Conceptualizing crimes against older persons: elder abuse, domestic violence, white-collar offending or just regular “old” crime. J Crime Justice. 2015;38(1):27–41.
Moskowitz S. On Golden Pond: integrating legal issues of the elderly into family law. 30 Stetson Law Rev. 2001;1427:1453.
Elder abuse: basics: Centers for Elders and the Court [Internet]. 2016. http://www.eldersandcourts.org/Elder-Abuse/Basics/Elder-Abuse-Laws.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2016.
Olsen B, editor. Assessing vulnerability, capacity & undue influence in elder abuse. In: American judges association annual educational conference. Las Vegas, NV; 2009.
Center for Elders and the Courts. Elder abuse: key issues [Internet]. 2016. http://www.eldersandcourts.org/Elder-Abuse/Key-Issues/Capacity-consent-and-undue-influence.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2016.
Marson D. Loss of financial competency in dementia: conceptual and empirical approaches. Aging Neuropsychol Cognit. 2001;8(3):164–81.
Moye J, Marson DC. Assessment of decision-making capacity in older adults: an emerging area of practice and research. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007;62(1):P3–11.
Moye J, Marson DC, Edelstein B. Assessment of capacity in an aging society. Am Psychol. 2013;68(3):158–71.
Roby JL, Sullivan R. Adult Protection Service laws: a comparison of state statutes from definition to case closure. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2000;12(3/4):17–51.
World Health Organization. Definition of an older or elderly person. 2013. Geneva, Switzerland. 2010.
Hamp LF. Appendix B analysis of elder abuse and neglect definitions under state law. In: Bonnie RJ, Wallace RB, editors. Elder mistreatment: abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003.
Stiegel LA, Klem E. Capacity to consent/lacks capacity to consent definitions: provisions and citations in adult protective services laws, by state: American bar association commission on law and aging; 2007.
Mental Capacity Act. Code of Practice. United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; 2005. p. 2007.
Hafemeister TL. Financial abuse of the elderly in domestic setting National Research Council (US) panel to review risk and prevalence of Elder abuse and neglect. In: Bonnie RJWR, editor. Elder mistreatment: abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003.
Stiegel L, Klem E, Turner J. Neglect of Older Persons: An Introduction to Legal Issues Related to Caregiver Duty and Liability. 2007. Availabe from: http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/aging/about/pdfs/neglect_of_older_persons.authcheckdam.pdf.
Jogerst GJ, Daly JM, Brinig MF, Dawson JD, Schmuch GA, Ingram JG. Domestic elder abuse and the law. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(12):2131–6.
The Iowa Legislature. Chapter 235B dependent adult abuse services [internet]. https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/IH/17112.pdf. Accessed 23 Nov 2015.
Centers for Disease Control. Understanding elder abuse. Atlanta, GA. 2016. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/em-factsheet-a.pdf.
Illinois Department on Aging. Protocol for law enforcement: responding to victims of elder abuse, neglect and exploitation. 2011. https://www.illinois.gov/aging/ProtectionAdvocacy/Documents/ea_lawenforcement.pdf. Accessed 15 Oct 2015.
Dessin C. Financial abuse of the elderly. Idaho Law Rev. 2000;36:203–26.
Hawks RA. Grandparent molesting: sexual abuse of elderly nursing home residents and its prevention. Marq Elder's Advisor. 2006;8:159.
Teaster PB, Roberto KA. Sexual abuse of older adults: APS cases and outcomes. Gerontologist. 2004;44(6):788–96.
Burgess AW. Elderly victims of sexual abuse and their offenders. U.S. Department of Justice, 2006 Contract No. 216550.
Burnett J, Dyer CB, Halphen JM, Achenbaum WA, Green CE, Booker JG, et al. Four subtypes of self-neglect in older adults: results of a latent class analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(6):1127–32.
Sabb FW, Burggren AC, Higier RG, Fox J, He J, Parker DS, et al. Challenges in phenotype definition in the whole-genome era: multivariate models of memory and intelligence. Neuroscience. 2009;164(1):88–107.
Miller A, Moon B, Anders S, Walden R, Brown S, Montella D. Integrating computerized clinical decision support systems into clinical work: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Int J Med Inform. 2015;84(12):1009–18.
Jobe JB, Mingay DJ. Cognitive laboratory approach to designing questionnaires for surveys of the elderly. Public Health Rep. 1990;105(5):518–24.
Maneesriwongul W, Dixon JK. Instrument translation process: a methods review. J Adv Nurs. 2004;48(2):175–86.
Little J, Higgins JP, Ioannidis JP, Moher D, Gagnon F, von Elm E, et al. STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA)—an extension of the STROBE statement. Eur J Clin Investig. 2009;39(4):247–66.
Begg C, Cho M, Eastwood S, Horton R, Moher D, Olkin I, et al. Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement. JAMA. 1996;276(8):637–9.
Elder Abuse Workshop. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice; 2008. Available from: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/242211.pdf.
Jackson SL, Hafemeister TL. Understanding elder abuse: new directions for developing theories of elder abuse occurring in domestic settings. Research in Brief, National Institute of Justice; 2013 Jun 11.
Connolly M, Brandl B, Breckman R. The elder Justice roadmap: a stakeholder initiative to respond to an emerging health, Justice, financial and social crisis. Department of Justice; 2014.
Stahl SM. Building consensus on research priorities in elder mistreatment. United States Department of Justice; 2015. Available from: https://www.justice.gov/file/852846/download.
2015 White House Conference on Aging: final report; 2015. Washington, DC. Available from: https://whitehouseconferenceonaging.gov/2015-WHCOA-Final-Report.pdf.
Saylor KW. Multiple approaches to understanding and preventing elder abuse: introduction to the cross-disciplinary National Institutes of Health workshop. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2016 Sep 18.
Hall JE, Karch DL, Crosby AE. Elder abuse surveillance: uniform definitions and recommended core data elements for use in elder abuse surveillance, version 1.0. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016.
Acknowledgments
We wish to acknowledge the skillful assistance of Daniel Suh and Hayley J. Crabb in the creation of this chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wallace, R.B., Crabb, V.L. (2017). Toward Definitions of Elder Mistreatment. In: Dong, X. (eds) Elder Abuse. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47504-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47504-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47502-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47504-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)