Abstract
Increased self-awareness in computing systems can be beneficial in several respects, including a greater capacity to adapt, to build potential for future adaptation in unknown environments, and to explain their behaviour to humans and other systems. When attempting to endow computing systems with a form of self-awareness, it is important to have a clear understanding of what that form looks like. This chapter therefore first introduces the general concept of self-awareness and its various facets. Second, we provide an overview of the range of efforts to interpret the concept of self-awareness in computing. Third, we provide a structured conceptual framework that organizes this variety of different forms of self-awareness. This provides a broad set of concepts and a language that can be used to describe and reason about self-aware computing systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anant Agarwal and Bill Harrod. Organic computing. Technical Report White paper, MIT and DARPA, 2006.
Anant Agarwal, Jason Miller, Jonathan Eastep, David Wentzlaff, and Harshad Kasture. Self-aware computing. Technical Report AFRL-RI-RS-TR-2009-161, MIT, 2009.
Andreas Agne, Markus Happe, Achim Lsch, Christian Plessl, and Marco Platzner. Self-awareness as a model for designing and operating heterogeneous multicores. ACM Trans. on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS), 7(2), 2014.
Eyal Amir, M. L. Anderson, and Vinay K. Chaudhri. Report on darpa workshop on self-aware computer systems. Technical Report UIUCDCS-R-2007-2810, UIUC Comp. Sci., 2007.
Michael L. Anderson and Don R. Perlis. Logic, self-awareness and self-improvement: The metacognitive loop and the problem of brittleness. Journal of Logic and Computation, 15(1):21–40, 2005.
Smith Baker. The identification of the self. Psyc. Rev., 4(3):272–284, 1897.
K. L. Bellman and D. O. Walter. Biological processing. American Journal of Physiology, 246, 1984.
Kirstie. L. Bellman, April Gillam, and Christopher Landauer. Challenges for conceptual design environments: the VEHICLES experience. Revue Internationale de CFAO et dInfographie, 8(2):185–217, 1993.
Kirstie. L. Bellman, Christopher Landauer, and Phyllis R. Nelson. Systems engineering for organic computing: The challenge of shared design and control between OC systems and their human engineers, chapter 3. Understanding Complex Systems Series. Springer, 2008.
Cristiana Bolchini, Carlo A. Curino, Elisa Quintarelli, Fabio A. Schreiber, and Letizia Tanca. A data-oriented survey of context models. SIGMOD Rec., 36(4):19–26, 2007.
Arjun Chandra, Kristian Nymoen, Arve Volsund, Alexander Refsum Jensenius, Kyrre Glette, and Jim Torresen. Enabling participants to play rhythmic solos within a group via auctions. In Proc. Int. Symp. on Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval (CMMR), page 674689, 2012.
Tao Chen, Funmilade Faniyi, Rami Bahsoon, Peter R. Lewis, Xin Yao, Leandro L. Minku, and Lukas Esterle. The handbook of engineering self-aware and self-expressive systems. Technical report, EPiCS EU FP7 project consortium, 2014.
Michale T. Cox. Metareasoning, monitoring, and self-explanation. In Michael T. Cox and A. Raja, editors, Metareasoning: Thinking about thinking, pages 131–149. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2011.
M.T. Cox. Metacognition in computation: A selected research review. Artificial Intelligence, 169(2):104–141, 2005.
Anind K. Dey. Understanding and using context. Personal Ubiquitous Computing, 5(1):4–7, 2001.
Lukas Esterle, Peter R. Lewis, Xin Yao, and Bernhard Rinner. Socio-economic vision graph generation and handover in distributed smart camera networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 10(2):20:1–20:24, January 2014.
Funmilade Faniyi, Peter R. Lewis, Rami Bahsoon, and Xin Xao. Architecting self-aware software systems. In Proc. IEEE/IFIP Conf. on Software Architecture (WICSA), pages 91–94. IEEE, April 2014.
Shaun Gallagher. Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(1), 2000.
Gordon G Gallup. Chimpanzees: self-recognition. Science, 1970.
E. Gelenbe and G. Loukas. A self-aware approach to denial of service defence. Computer Networks, 51:1299–1314, 2007.
Pentti OA Haikonen. Reflections of consciousness: The mirror test. In Proceedings of the 2007 AAAI Fall Symposium on Consciousness and Artificial Intelligence, pages 67–71, 2007.
Justin W. Hart and Brian Scassellati. Robotic Self-Modeling, chapter 14. Imperial College Press/World Scientific Book, 2014.
H. Hoffmann, J. Eastep, M.D. Santambrogio, J.E. Miller, and A. Agarwal. Application heartbeats for software performance and health. In ACM SIGPLAN Notices, volume 45, pages 347–348. ACM, 2010.
Henry Hoffmann, Jim Holt, George Kurian, Eric Lau, Martina Maggio, Jason E. Miller, Sabrina M. Neuman, Mahmut Sinangil, Yildiz Sinangil, Anant Agarwal, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, and Srinivas Devadas. Self-aware computing in the Angstrom processor. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference, DAC ’12, pages 259–264, New York, NY, USA, 2012. ACM.
Henry Hoffmann, Stelios Sidiroglou, Michael Carbin, Sasa Misailovic, Anant Agarwal, and Martin Rinard. Dynamic knobs for responsive power-aware computing. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, ASPLOS XVI, pages 199–212, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.
Matthias Hölzl and Martin Wirsing. Towards a system model for ensembles. In Formal Modeling: Actors, Open Systems, Biological Systems, pages 241–261. Springer, 2011.
William James. The principles of psychology. Henry Holt & Co., 1890.
Ariane Keller, Daniel Borkmann, Stephan Neuhaus, and Markus Happe. Self-awareness in computer networks. Int. Journal of Reconfigurable Computing (IJRC), 2014.
Jeffrey O. Kephart and David M. Chess. The Vision of Autonomic Computing. IEEE Computer, 36(1):41–50, 2003.
Samuel Kounev. Engineering of Self-Aware IT Systems and Services: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges. In Proceedings of the 8th European Performance Engineering Workshop (EPEW’11), Borrowdale, The English Lake District, October 12–13, 2011. (Keynote Talk).
Samuel Kounev. Self-Aware Software and Systems Engineering: A Vision and Research Roadmap. In GI Softwaretechnik-Trends, 31(4), November 2011, ISSN 0720-8928, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2011.
Christopher Landauer and Kirstie L. Bellman. Knowledge-based integration infrastruc ture for complex systems. International Journal of Intelligent Control and Systems, 1(1):133–153, 1996.
Christopher Landauer and Kirstie L. Bellman. Self-modeling systems. In H. S. R. Laddaga, editor, Self-Adaptive Software, Lecture Notes in Computer Sci ence, pages 238–256. Springer, 2002.
Peter R. Lewis, Arjun Chandra, Funmilade Faniyi, Kyrre Glette, Tao Chen, Rami Bahsoon, Jim Torresen, and Xin Yao. Architectural aspects of self-aware and self-expressive systems: From psychology to engineering. Computer, 48(8), August 2015.
Peter R. Lewis, Arjun Chandra, Shaun Parsons, Edward Robinson, Kyrre Glette, Rami Bahsoon, Jim Torresen, and Xin Yao. A Survey of Self-Awareness and Its Application in Computing Systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops (SASOW), pages 102–107, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, October 2011. IEEE Computer Society.
Peter R. Lewis, Lukas Esterle, Arjun Chandra, Bernhard Rinner, Jim Torresen, and Xin Yao. Static, dynamic, and adaptive heterogeneity in distributed smart camera networks. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst., 10(2):8:1–8:30, 2015.
Peter R. Lewis, Marco Platzner, Bernhard Rinner, Jim Torresen, and Xin Yao, editors. Self-Aware Computing Systems: An Engineering Approach. Springer, 2016.
P. Maes. Introspection in knowledge representation. Advances in Artificial Intelligence II, pages 249–262, 1987.
T. Metzinger. Being no one. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2003.
Sasa Misailovic, Stelios Sidiroglou, Henry Hoffmann, and Martin Rinard. Quality of service profiling. In Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering-Volume 1, pages 25–34. ACM, 2010.
Melanie Mitchell. Self-awareness and control in decentralized systems (Tech Report SS-05-04). In AAAI Spring Symposium on Metacognition in Computation, Menlo Park, 2005. AIII Press.
Alain Morin. Levels of consciousness and self-awareness: A comparison and integration of various neurocognitive views. Consciousness and Cognition, 15(2):358–71, 2006.
Christian Müller-Schloer, Hartmut Schmeck, and Theo Ungerer. Organic computing: a paradigm shift for complex systems. Springer, 2011.
Ulric Neisser. The Roots of Self-Knowledge: Perceiving Self, It, and Thou. Annals of the NY AoS., 818:19–33, 1997.
Albert Newen. The logic of indexical thoughts and the metaphysics of the self. In In W. Künne, A. Newen, and M. Anduschus, editors, Direct reference, indexicality and propositional attitudes, pages 105–131. CSLI publications, Stanford, USA, 1997.
Albert Newen and Kai Vogeley. Self-representation: Searching for a neural signature of self-consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 12:529–543, 2003.
Kristian Nymoen, Arjun Chandra, Kyrre Glette, and Jim Torresen. Decentralized harmonic synchronization in mobile music systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (ICAST), 2014.
Kristian Nymoen, Arjun Chandra, Kyrre Glette, Jim Torresen, Arve Voldsund, and Alexander Refsum Jensenius. Pheromusic: Navigating a musical space for active music experiences. In Proc. Int. Computer Music Conference (ICMC) joint with the Sound and Music Computing Conference, page 17151718, 2014.
Kristian Nymoen, Arjun Chandra, and Jim Torresen. Self-Awareness in Active Music Systems, chapter 14.
L. I. Perlovsky and R. Kozma, editors. Neurodynamics of Cognition and Consciousness. Springer, Berlin, 2007.
Jeremy Pitt, editor. The Computer After Me: Awareness and Self-awareness in Autonomic Systems. Imperial College Press, 2014.
Georgia Sakellari. The cognitive packet network: A survey. The Computer Journal, 53, 2010.
Mazeiar Salehie and Ladan Tahvildari. Self-adaptive software: Landscape and research challenges. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst., 4(2):1–42, 2009.
M.D. Santambrogio, H. Hoffmann, J. Eastep, and A. Agarwal. Enabling technologies for self-aware adaptive systems. In Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS), 2010 NASA/ESA Conference on, pages 149–156. IEEE, 2010.
Thomas Schmickl, Ronald Thenius, Christoph Moslinger, Jon Timmis, Andy Tyrrell, Mark Read, James Hilder, Jose Halloy, Alexandre Campo, Cesare Stefanini, et al. CoCoRo–The Self-Aware Underwater Swarm. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops (SASOW), pages 120–126, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, October 2011. IEEE Computer Society.
Lenhart Schubert. Some knowledge representation and reasoning requirements for self-awareness. 2005.
Aaron Sloman. Prospects for ai as a general science of intelligence. In Prospects for Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of AISB93, Amsterdam, 1993. IOS Press.
G. A. Tawney. Feeling and self-awareness. Psyc. Rev., 9(6):570–596, 1902.
Jim Torresen, Christian Plessl, and Xin Yao. Self-aware and self-expressive systems. Computer, 48(7).
J. Wang, D. Brady, K. Baclawski, M. Kokar, and L. Lechowicz. The use of ontologies for the self-awareness of the communication nodes. In Proceedings of the Software Defined Radio Technical Conference SDR, volume 3, 2003.
Alan F. T. Winfield. Robots with internal models: a route to self-aware and hence safer robots. In Jeremy Pitt, editor, The Computer After Me, chapter 16. Imperial College Press/World Scientific Book, 2014.
Martin Wirsing, Matthias Hölzl, Nora Koch, and Philip Mayer. Software Engineering for Collective Autonomic Systems: The ASCENS Approach, volume 8998 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2015.
F. Zambonelli, N. Bicocchi, G. Cabri, L. Leonardi, and M. Puviani. On self-adaptation, self-expression, and self-awareness in autonomic service component ensembles. In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops (SASOW), pages 108–113, 2011.
Acknowledgements
Peter Lewis acknowledges the teams of the EPiCS and AWARENESS EU projects, for their contributions to many discussions in the development of the notion of computational self-awareness.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lewis, P. et al. (2017). Towards a Framework for the Levels and Aspects of Self-aware Computing Systems. In: Kounev, S., Kephart, J., Milenkoski, A., Zhu, X. (eds) Self-Aware Computing Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47474-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47474-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47472-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47474-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)