Abstract
Partial atomic charges provide information about the distribution of electron density within a molecule. Specifically, they reflect the amount of electron density attributed to individual atoms. Information about partial atomic charges is therefore very useful, because it provides us with a clue to the chemical behavior and reactivity of the molecule. For example, the strongly positively or negatively charged parts of the molecule tend to became reaction centers. In this chapter, we introduce several charge calculation approaches, methods for charge visualization and formats for storing charge information. Afterwards, we provide examples and exercises focused on the application of partial atomic charges. In the examples and exercises, we employ ACC (AtomicChargeCalculator), a web service for the fast and interactive calculation of atomic charges.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Atkins, P., De Paula, J.: Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2010)
Kolár̆, M.H., Hobza, P.: Computer modeling of halogen bonds and other \(\sigma \)-hole interactions. Chem. Rev. 116(9), 5155–5187 (2016). doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00560
Rappe, A.K., Goddard, W.A.: Charge equilibration for molecular dynamics simulations. J. Phys. Chem. 95(8), 3358–3363 (1991). doi:10.1021/j100161a070
Vainio, M.J., Johnson, M.S.: Generating conformer ensembles using a multiobjective genetic algorithm. J. Chem. Inf. Modeling 47(6), 2462–2474 (2007). doi:10.1021/ci6005646
Bissantz, C., Folkers, G., Rognan, D.: Protein-based virtual screening of chemical databases. 1. Evaluation of different docking/scoring combinations. J. Med. Chem. 43(25), 4759–4767 (2000). doi:10.1021/jm001044l
Svobodová Var̆eková, R., Geidl, S., Ionescu, C.M., Skřehota, O., Kudera, M., Sehnal, D., Bouchal, T., Abagyan, R., Huber, H.J., Koča, J.: Predicting p K a values of substituted phenols from atomic charges: comparison of different quantum mechanical methods and charge distribution schemes. J. Chem. Inf. Modeling 51(8), 1795–1806 (2011). doi:10.1021/ci200133w
Ionescu, C.M., Svobodová Var̆eková, R., Prehn, J.H.M., Huber, H.J., Koča, J.: Charge profile analysis reveals that activation of pro-apoptotic regulators bax and bak relies on charge transfer mediated allosteric regulation. PLoS Comput. Biol. 8(6), e1002,565 (2012). doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002565
Kearsley, S.K., Sallamack, S., Fluder, E.M., Andose, J.D., Mosley, R.T., Sheridan, R.P.: Chemical similarity using physiochemical property descriptors \(\dagger \). J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 36(1), 118–127 (1996). doi:10.1021/ci950274j
Ionescu, C.M., Sehnal, D., Falginella, F.L., Pant, P., Pravda, L., Bouchal, T., Svobodová Var̆eková, R., Geidl, S., Koča, J.: AtomicChargeCalculator: interactive web-based calculation of atomic charges in large biomolecular complexes and drug-like molecules. J. Cheminformatics 7(1), 50 (2015). doi:10.1186/s13321-015-0099-x
Mulliken, R.S.: Electronic population analysis on LCAO[single bond]MO molecular wave functions. I. J. Chem. Phys. 23(10), 1833 (1955). doi:10.1063/1.1740588
Reed, A.E., Weinhold, F.: Natural bond orbital analysis of near-Hartree-Fock water dimer. J. Chem. Phys. 78(6), 4066–4073 (1983). doi:10.1063/1.445134
Bader, R.F.W.: Atoms in molecules. Accounts Chem. Res. 18(1), 9–15 (1985). doi:10.1021/ar00109a003
Singh, U.C., Kollman, P.A.: An approach to computing electrostatic charges for molecules. J. Comput. Chem. 5(2), 129–145 (1984). doi:10.1002/jcc.540050204
Gasteiger, J., Marsili, M.: A new model for calculating atomic charges in molecules. Tetrahedron Lett. 19(34), 3181–3184 (1978). doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)94977-9
Cho, K.H., Kang, Y.K., No, K.T., Scheraga, H.A.: A fast method for calculating geometry-dependent net atomic charges for polypeptides. J. Phys. Chem. B 105(17), 3624–3634 (2001). doi:10.1021/jp0023213
Oliferenko, A.A., Pisarev, S.A., Palyulin, V.A., Zefirov, N.S.: Atomic charges via electronegativity equalization: generalizations and perspectives, pp. 139–156 (2006). doi:10.1016/S0065-3276(06)51004-4
Shulga, D., Oliferenko, A., Pisarev, S., Palyulin, V., Zefirov, N.: Fast tools for calculation of atomic charges well suited for drug design1. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 19(1–2), 153–165 (2008). doi:10.1080/10629360701844142
Mortier, W.J., Ghosh, S.K., Shankar, S.: Electronegativity-equalization method for the calculation of atomic charges in molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108(15), 4315–4320 (1986). doi:10.1021/ja00275a013
Nistor, R.A., Polihronov, J.G., Müser, M.H., Mosey, N.J.: A generalization of the charge equilibration method for nonmetallic materials. J. Chem. Physics 125(9), 094,108 (2006). doi:10.1063/1.2346671
Geidl, S., Bouchal, T., Raček, T., Svobodová Var̆eková, R., Hejret, V., Kr̆enek, A., Abagyan, R., Koča, J.: High-quality and universal empirical atomic charges for chemoinformatics applications. J. Cheminformatics 7(1), 59 (2015). doi:10.1186/s13321-015-0107-1
Velankar, S., van Ginkel, G., Alhroub, Y., Battle, G.M., Berrisford, J.M., Conroy, M.J., Dana, J.M., Gore, S.P., Gutmanas, A., Haslam, P., Hendrickx, P.M.S., Lagerstedt, I., Mir, S.: Fernandez Montecelo, M.A., Mukhopadhyay, A., Oldfield, T.J., Patwardhan, A., Sanz-García, E., Sen, S., Slowley, R.A., Wainwright, M.E., Deshpande, M.S., Iudin, A., Sahni, G., Salavert Torres, J., Hirshberg, M., Mak, L., Nadzirin, N., Armstrong, D.R., Clark, A.R., Smart, O.S., Korir, P.K., Kleywegt, G.J.: PDBe: improved accessibility of macromolecular structure data from PDB and EMDB. Nucleic Acids Res. 44(D1), D385–D395 (2016). doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1047
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koča, J. et al. (2016). Characterization via Charges. In: Structural Bioinformatics Tools for Drug Design. SpringerBriefs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47388-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47388-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47387-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47388-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)