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Pseudomonas

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Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

Abstract

Pseudomonas species are non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in diverse environments. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen for humans, and is a major cause of infections among hospitalized patients, especially those with impaired immune function. It is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections. Owing to its low outer membrane permeability, and the expression of several multidrug efflux pumps and chromosomal β-lactamase, P. aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents. Moreover, it has a remarkable capability to acquire additional drug resistance through several pathways, such as the horizontal transfer of resistance determinants and the acquisition of resistance mutations that alter the expression and/or function of chromosomally encoded resistance mechanisms. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa in intensive care units have severely limited our therapeutic options. Thus, the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates in hospital settings should be regarded as a serious health hazard. A concerted effort is urgently needed to curtail the spread of resistance. The objective of this chapter is to review the current knowledge on P. aeruginosa with an emphasis on its antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive mechanisms. Key strategies for prevention and management of P. aeruginosa resistance are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Kamilia Abdelraouf

  2. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA

    Vincent H. Tam Pharm.D.

Authors
  1. Kamilia Abdelraouf
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  2. Vincent H. Tam Pharm.D.
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Correspondence to Vincent H. Tam Pharm.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Treiber Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    Douglas L. Mayers

  2. Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Jack D. Sobel

  3. Canada Research Chair in Antimicrobial Resistance, Centre de recherche en Infectiologie, University of Laval, Quebec City, Canada

    Marc Ouellette

  4. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Keith S. Kaye

  5. Infection Control and Prevention Unit of Infectious Diseases, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Dror Marchaim

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Abdelraouf, K., Tam, V.H. (2017). Pseudomonas. In: Mayers, D., Sobel, J., Ouellette, M., Kaye, K., Marchaim, D. (eds) Antimicrobial Drug Resistance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47266-9_9

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