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CFD Simulation of a Common Rail Diesel Engine with Biobutanol-Diesel Blends for Various Injection Timings

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Biofuels and Bioenergy (BICE2016)

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Energy ((SPE))

Abstract

Turmoil in petroleum market and stringent environment guidelines, accelerated the research in the field of alternative fuels for Internal Combustion engines. Biofuel is gaining venerable importance as it is renewable and substitute to the fossil fuels. This study investigates the potential of butanol fueling in a diesel engine. In this computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the effect of injection timing and butanol-blends on the exhaust emission and combustion characteristics of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine is studied. The simulation is carried out for wide range of injection timings from 0° to 30° BTDC, and butanol-diesel blends from, 10, 20, and 30% at very high injection pressure (~90 MPa). Three dimensional computational code is implemented to solve conservation equations based on finite volume method. SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations) algorithm is used to obtain velocity and pressure at each computational cell. The flow within the combustion chamber is simulated using the k-ξ-f turbulence model. Extended coherent flame model-3 zone (ECFM3Z) is employed to carry out combustion analysis. In-cylinder fuel injection is studied using blob injection which assumes orifice diameter as fuel droplet diameter. As the percentage of the butanol blend increases, NO, CO increases and soot formation decrease as compare to neat diesel. Optimum injection timing obtained for maximum indicated thermal efficiency for 10–30% blend is 27° BTDC, whereas, for neat diesel it is 24° BTDC. Obtained results are validated with available literature data and found good agreement.

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Abbreviations

BTDC:

Before top dead centre

CO:

Carbon monoxide

D t :

Diffusion coefficient

\(\tilde{\dot{E}}_{Fu}^{F \to M}\) :

Unmixed fuel

\(\tilde{\dot{E}}_{{O_{2} }}^{A \to M}\) :

Unmixed oxygen

ECFM3Z:

Extended coherent flame model three zone

EVO:

Exhaust valve opening

IMAP:

Intake manifold air pressure

IMAT:

Intake manifold air temperature

IVC:

Inlet valve closing

M Fu :

Molar mass of fuel

M M :

Mean molar mass of the gases

NO:

Nitrogen oxide

R :

Universal gas constant

S c and S ct :

Laminar and turbulent Schmidt numbers

S e :

Energy source term

S i :

Momentum source term

S m :

Mass source term

\(\bar{S}_{NO}\) :

Mean nitric oxide source term

\(\tilde{u}\) :

Density-weighted average velocity

\(\bar{\dot{\omega }}_{x}\) :

Average combustion source term

\(\zeta\) :

Transformed coordinate system

\(\left. {\bar{\rho }^{u} } \right|_{u}\) :

Density of the unburned gases

ε :

Dissipation rate

ϕ :

Equivalence ratio

μ :

Dynamic viscosity

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Acknowledgements

The authors like to acknowledge AVL-AST, Graz, Austria for granted use of AVL-FIRE under the University partnership program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITK, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, India

    Venkatesh T. Lamani, Ajay Kumar Yadav & G.N. Kumar

Authors
  1. Venkatesh T. Lamani
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  2. Ajay Kumar Yadav
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  3. G.N. Kumar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ajay Kumar Yadav .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, MANIT Bhopal, Bhopal, India

    S. Suresh

  2. Energy Technology Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University Energy Technology Research Center, Songkhla, Thailand

    Anil Kumar

  3. School of Energy, Construction and Environment,, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom

    Ashish Shukla

  4. Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, New Delhi, India

    Renu Singh

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, MANIT Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    C.M. Krishna

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Lamani, V.T., Yadav, A.K., Kumar, G. (2017). CFD Simulation of a Common Rail Diesel Engine with Biobutanol-Diesel Blends for Various Injection Timings. In: Suresh, S., Kumar, A., Shukla, A., Singh, R., Krishna, C. (eds) Biofuels and Bioenergy (BICE2016). Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47257-7_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47257-7_14

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47255-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47257-7

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