Abstract
Pope Innocent III charged that Markward of Anweiler’s association with Sicilian Muslims made him an enemy of the church. Birk illustrates how these charges were revived and expounded upon in the thirteenth century in an effort to delegitimize Frederick II and his successors in the Sicilian monarchy. The chapter charts the shift in the representation of Sicily’s Muslim population, the creation of the anti-Islamic critique of the Sicilian rulers, and the fate of the Muslims of Sicily. Additionally, Birk shows that, in the early thirteenth century, the core of the anti-Islamic polemic had taken shape. In a transformation of their treatment under earlier Norman rulers of Sicily, the Muslims of Sicily were deported to the Southern Italian mainland and eventually scattered and enslaved.
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Birk, J.C. (2016). Epilogue. In: Norman Kings of Sicily and the Rise of the Anti-Islamic Critique. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47042-9_8
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