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Abuse of Dominant Position and Globalization & Protection and Disclosure of Trade Secrets and Know-How pp 455–474Cite as

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Abstract

Hungarian law contains specific provisions on trade secrets. The protection is manifold: trade secrets enjoy protection inter alia under civil law, competition law, criminal law and various procedural laws. The notion of ‘trade secrets’ is identical in the civil and competition law regimes. In the Civil Code, trade secrets are considered as a subcategory of ‘private secrets’ and are regulated as a type of personality rights. Know-how, which is referred to in the Civil Code as a ‘protected information’, is a subcategory of trade secrets to which specific rules apply.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Section 2:47(1) of Act V of 2013 on the Civil Code (hereafter “the Civil Code”) defines trade secret as follows: “Trade secrets include any fact, information and other data, or a compilation thereof, connected to economic activities, which are not publicly known or which are not easily accessible to other operators pursuing the same economic activities, and which, if obtained and/or used by unauthorized persons, or if disclosed to others or published is likely to imperil or jeopardize the rightful financial, economic or commercial interest of the owner of such secrets, and provided the lawful owner acted in a manner as may be expected in the given circumstances in order to keep such information confidential.” This definition shall also be applied in competition law cases by virtue of Section 4(1) of Act LVII of 1996 on the Prohibition of Unfair and Restrictive Market Practices (hereafter “the Competition Act”). The Criminal Code (Act C of 2012) and the procedural codes do not contain any specific definition, therefore the above definition is applicable for the purposes of these laws as well.

  2. 2.

    Section 2:47(2) of the Civil Code.

  3. 3.

    Section 2:47(1) of the Civil Code.

  4. 4.

    G. Bacher, 4. § In: M. Juhász, D. Ruszthiné Juhász, A. Tóth, Kommentár a tisztességtelen piaci magatartás és a versenykorlátozás tilalmáról szóló 1996. évi LVII. törvényhez, HVG Orac, 2015, pp. 68-69.

  5. 5.

    G. Faludi, Az üzleti titok és a know-how (védett ismeret). In: L. Vékás (ed.): A Polgári Törvénykönyv Magyarázatokkal, Complex 2013, p. 61.

  6. 6.

    G. Faludi, 2:47. § In: L. Vékás, P. Gárdos (eds), Kommentár a Polgári Törvénykönyvhöz, Wolters Kluwer, 2014, pp. 150-151.

  7. 7.

    G. Faludi, Az üzleti titok és a know-how (védett ismeret). In: L. Vékás (ed.): A Polgári Törvénykönyv Magyarázatokkal, Complex 2013, p. 62.

  8. 8.

    Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Art. 39(2)(c).

  9. 9.

    Section 2:47(2) of the Civil Code.

  10. 10.

    Section 2:47(3) of the Civil Code.

  11. 11.

    Section 2:47(2) of the Civil Code.

  12. 12.

    Section 4(1) of the Act LVII of 1996 on the Prohibition of Unfair and Restrictive Market Practices (hereafter “the Competition Act”).

  13. 13.

    Section 4(2) of the Competition Act.

  14. 14.

    See 6:540 of the Civil Code, as well as the milestone decisions EBH 2002.640, BH+ 2007.3.132, BH+ 2009.12.556.

  15. 15.

    Cases no. BDT 2012. 2720., BH 1995. 231., BH 1997. 407. and BDT2010. 2248.

  16. 16.

    Case no. ÍH 2015.13.

  17. 17.

    See Act XIX of 1998 on Criminal Proceedings, the APA and Act III of 1952 on the Code of Civil Procedure (hereafter “the Code of Civil Procedure”).

  18. 18.

    Sections 8 and 228 of Act I of 2012 on the Labour Code.

  19. 19.

    Act CXII of 2011 on the Right of Informational Self-Determination and on Freedom of Information (hereafter “the Data Protection Act”).

  20. 20.

    Sections 418 and 422 of the Criminal Code.

  21. 21.

    Section 164(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  22. 22.

    Case no. BH+ 2011.3.121.

  23. 23.

    Case no. BH 2002.52.

  24. 24.

    Case no. BH+ 2013.7.277.

  25. 25.

    Case no. BH+ 2014.7.296.

  26. 26.

    Case no. BH+ 2012.12.507.

  27. 27.

    Sections 6:142. and 6:519. of the Civil Code.

  28. 28.

    Sections 207-211 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  29. 29.

    Sections 17-20 of XLV of 2008 on certain notarial non-litigation proceedings.

  30. 30.

    Section 207(a) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  31. 31.

    Section 207(b) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  32. 32.

    Sections 17(1)(b) of XLV of 2008 on certain notarial non litigation proceedings.

  33. 33.

    Section 208(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  34. 34.

    Section 88(7) of the Competition Act.

  35. 35.

    Section 88(5) of the Competition Act.

  36. 36.

    Section 88(6) of the Competition Act.

  37. 37.

    Section 190(2)-(3) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  38. 38.

    Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights, Art. 6. Á. Tibold, 88. §. In: M. Juhász, D. Ruszthiné Juhász, A. Tóth, Kommentár a tisztességtelen piaci magatartás és a versenykorlátozás tilalmáról szóló 1996. évi LVII. törvényhez, HVG Orac, 2015, p. 714.

  39. 39.

    Section 156(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  40. 40.

    Section 156(2) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  41. 41.

    Section 156(4) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  42. 42.

    We are aware of only one such published case (no. BDT 2011. 2418, which was not a trade secret infringement case).

  43. 43.

    Section 88(8) of the Competition Act.

  44. 44.

    Section 88(10) of the Competition Act.

  45. 45.

    Section 88(9) of the Competition Act.

  46. 46.

    Section 88(11) of the Competition Act.

  47. 47.

    Section 88(5) of the Competition Act, Sections 185-189 of Act LIII. of 1994 on judicial enforcement.

  48. 48.

    Section 185 of Act LIII. of 1994 on judicial enforcement.

  49. 49.

    Sections 191-192 of of Act LIII. of 1994 on judicial enforcement.

  50. 50.

    L. Székely, Személyiségi jogok. In: L. Vékás, P. Gárdos (eds), Kommentár a Polgári Törvénykönyvhöz, Wolters Kluwer, 2014, p. 168.

  51. 51.

    Section 2:51(1)(a) of the Civil Code.

  52. 52.

    Section 2:51(1)(b) of the Civil Code.

  53. 53.

    Section 2:51(1)(c) of the Civil Code, L. Székely, Személyiségi jogok. In: L. Vékás, P. Gárdos (eds), Kommentár a Polgári Törvénykönyvhöz, Wolters Kluwer, 2014, p. 169.

  54. 54.

    Section 2:51(1)(d) of the Civil Code.

  55. 55.

    Section 2:51(1)(e) of the Civil Code.

  56. 56.

    Section 86(2)(d) of the Competition Act.

  57. 57.

    Section 86(2)(g) of the Competition Act.

  58. 58.

    Section 86(3)(b) of the Competition Act.

  59. 59.

    Section 86(3)(c) of the Competition Act.

  60. 60.

    Section 86(3)(a) of the Competition Act.

  61. 61.

    G. Bacher, 4. § In: M. Juhász, D. Ruszthiné Juhász, A. Tóth, Kommentár a tisztességtelen piaci magatartás és a versenykorlátozás tilalmáról szóló 1996. évi LVII. törvényhez, HVG Orac, 2015, pp. 74-75.

  62. 62.

    G. Faludi in G. Faludi, P. Lukácsi (eds), A védjegytörvény magyarázata, HVG Orac, 2014, p. 689 and G. Bacher, 4. § In: M. Juhász, D. Ruszthiné Juhász, A. Tóth, Kommentár a tisztességtelen piaci magatartás és a versenykorlátozás tilalmáról szóló 1996. évi LVII. törvényhez, HVG Orac, 2015, p. 74.

  63. 63.

    Section 2:53 of the Civil Code, Section 86(2)(e)of the Competition Act.

  64. 64.

    Section 2:52 of the Civil Code, Section 86(2)(e)of the Competition Act.

  65. 65.

    Sections 6:519 and 1:4(1) of the Civil Code.

  66. 66.

    Section 6:142 of the Civil Code.

  67. 67.

    United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (Vienna, 1980) (CISG), Art. 79(1).

  68. 68.

    Section 6:522(1) of the Civil Code, Á. Fuglinszky, Kártérítési jog, HVG Orac, 2015, pp. 44-47.

  69. 69.

    Section 6:522(2) of the Civil Code.

  70. 70.

    Section 6:522(3) of the Civil Code.

  71. 71.

    Section 6:521 of the Civil Code.

  72. 72.

    Section 6:522(4) of the Civil Code.

  73. 73.

    Section 6:143(2) of the Civil Code.

  74. 74.

    Section 6:143(3) of the Civil Code.

  75. 75.

    Sections 355(1) and 355(4) of Act IV of 1959 on the Civil Code (not in force since 15 March 2014).

  76. 76.

    Section 2:52(2) of the Civil Code, L. Székely, Személyiségi jogok. In: L. Vékás, P. Gárdos (eds), Kommentár a Polgári Törvénykönyvhöz, Wolters Kluwer, 2014, pp. 172-176.

  77. 77.

    See Á. Fuglinszky, Kártérítési jog, HVG Orac, 2015, pp. 838-843., L. Székely, Személyiségi jogok. In: L. Vékás, P. Gárdos (eds), Kommentár a Polgári Törvénykönyvhöz, Wolters Kluwer, 2014, p. 174.

  78. 78.

    Section 2:52(3) of the Civil Code.

  79. 79.

    (Gazdasági Versenyhivatal)

  80. 80.

    Section 17(1) of Act CXL of 2004 on the General Rules of Administrative Procedures and Services (hereafter “the APA”).

  81. 81.

    Section 5(4) of the APA.

  82. 82.

    Section 68(1) of the APA.

  83. 83.

    Section 69 (1)(d) of the APA.

  84. 84.

    Section 69(2) of the APA.

  85. 85.

    Section 69(3) of the APA.

  86. 86.

    Section 55(1) of the Competition Act.

  87. 87.

    Section 55(5) of the Competition Act.

  88. 88.

    Section 55(5) of the Competition Act.

  89. 89.

    Section 55/A(2) of the Competition Act.

  90. 90.

    Section 55/A(4) of the Competition Act.

  91. 91.

    Section 65/B(3) of the Competition Act.

  92. 92.

    Section 55/A(1)(d) of the Competition Act.

  93. 93.

    Section 55/B(3) of the Competition Act.

  94. 94.

    Section 55/B(6) of the Competition Act.

  95. 95.

    Section 55/B(4) of the Competition Act.

  96. 96.

    Section 55/A(5) of the Competition Act.

  97. 97.

    Tájékoztató az üzleti titokra, illetve magántitokra vonatkozó nyilatkozatokról és a titokmentes iratok benyújtásáról [Notice about declarations concerning trade secrets and private secrets, as well the submission of non-confidential documents] http://www.gvh.hu//data/cms1027494/szakmai_felhasznaloknak_ut_tajekoztato_2014_08_26.pdf. Accessed 11 May 2015.

  98. 98.

    Section 55/A(3) of the Competition Act.

  99. 99.

    Section 55/B(7) of the Competition Act.

  100. 100.

    Section 55/B(1) of the Competition Act

  101. 101.

    Section 119(2) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  102. 102.

    Section 119(3) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  103. 103.

    Section 53(3)(b) of the APA.

  104. 104.

    Section 53(5) of the APA.

  105. 105.

    Section 64/B(5) of the Competition Act.

  106. 106.

    Section 170 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  107. 107.

    Section 62(4) of the APA.

  108. 108.

    Section 54(4) of the APA.

  109. 109.

    Section 5(1)-(2) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  110. 110.

    Section 69/A(1)–(2) of the APA.

  111. 111.

    Section 73(1) of the APA.

  112. 112.

    Section 69/A (4) of the APA.

  113. 113.

    Section 55/C(2) of the Competition Act.

  114. 114.

    Section 55/C(3) of the Competition Act.

  115. 115.

    Section 119(9) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

  116. 116.

    Sections 163 and 166 of Act CLXI of 2011on the Organization and Administration of the Courts.

  117. 117.

    Section 166(3) of Act CLXI of 2011on the Organization and Administration of the Courts.

  118. 118.

    Section 6:1(3) of the Civil Code.

  119. 119.

    Section 6:138 of the Civil Code.

  120. 120.

    Sections 6:142 and 6:143 of the Civil Code.

  121. 121.

    Section 6:186 of the Civil Code.

  122. 122.

    Section 8:4 of the Civil Code.

  123. 123.

    Section 8(1) of Act CLXXVII of 2013 on the transitional and empowering provisions relating to the entry into force of Act V of 2013 on the Civil Code.

  124. 124.

    In favour of a protection with an exclusive right: Gy. Boytha, Reflexiók dr. Bobrovszky Jenő “Rejtélyek és fortélyok” című tanulmányához, Polgári Jogi Kodifikáció, 2006(5) pp. 16-27, against such protection J. Bobrovszky, Rejtélyek és fortélyok: hozzászólás az üzleti titok és a know-how kérdésköréhez a Ptk. Javaslat kapcsán, Polgári Jogi Kodifikáció, 2006(4) pp. 22-38. For the summary of the main arguments: G. Faludi, Megjegyzések az új Ptk. tervezet know-how-ra vonatkozó szabályaihoz, Polgári Jogi Kodifikáció, 2006(5) pp. 27-32. For a general overview see M. Görög, A know-how jogi védelmének alapvető kérdései, HVG Orac, 2012, pp. 67-80. and G. Faludi in G. Faludi, P. Lukácsi (eds), A védjegytörvény magyarázata, HVG Orac, 2014, pp. 671-672.

  125. 125.

    Section 27(3) of the Data Protection Act.

  126. 126.

    Section 27(3a) of the Data Protection Act.

  127. 127.

    Case no. Metropolitan Appeal Court 2.Pf.20.708/2008/7.

  128. 128.

    Case no. Metropolitan Appeal Court 2.Pf.20.559/2011/3.

  129. 129.

    Case no. Metropolitan Appeal Court 2.Pf.22.192/2012/3., Metropolitan Appeal Court 2.Pf.22.156/2011/5.

  130. 130.

    Section 27(3b) of the Data Protection Act.

  131. 131.

    M. Ligeti, B. Romhányi, A. Szloboda, Mit választunk? Az intézményrendszer és a költségvetés átláthatósága Magyarországon, Transparency International, 2014, p. 63. http://transparency.hu/uploads/docs/MitValasztunk_Az_intezmenyrendszer_es_a_koltsegvetes_atlathatosaga_Magyarorszagon.pdf, Accessed 11 May 2015. See also http://www.ugyvedvilag.hu/rovatok/szakma/az-uzleti-titok-vedelme-es-a-kozerdeku-adatok-nyilvanossaga. Accessed 24 March 2015.

  132. 132.

    Section 1:5(1) of the Civil Code.

  133. 133.

    Section 1:3(1) of the Civil Code.

  134. 134.

    Section 2 of the Competition Act.

  135. 135.

    Section 11(1) of Act XXXIII of 1995 on the Patent Protection of Inventions.

  136. 136.

    Section 60(1) of Act XXXIII of 1995 on the Patent Protection of Inventions.

  137. 137.

    Sections 42(1)(b) and 76(3) of Act XXXIII of 1995 on the Patent Protection of Inventions.

  138. 138.

    Sections 2 and 8(2) of the Competition Act.

  139. 139.

    Section 7(1) of the Act No. XLVII of 2008 on the Prohibition of Unfair Business-to-Consumer Commercial Practices.

  140. 140.

    Section 27(3) of the Data Protection Act.

  141. 141.

    Section 21 of the Competition Act.

  142. 142.

    Section 21(c) of the Competition Act, P. Miskolczi Bodnár, 21. §. In: M. Juhász, D. Ruszthiné Juhász, A. Tóth, Kommentár a tisztességtelen piaci magatartás és a versenykorlátozás tilalmáról szóló 1996. évi LVII. törvényhez, HVG Orac, 2015, pp. 301-303.

  143. 143.

    Pursuant to Section 76(1)(h) the HCA is entitled to order the dominant undertaking to conclude a contract.

  144. 144.

    Section 8(2) of the Code of Civil Procedure.

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  1. Szecskay Attorneys at Law, Budapest, Hungary

    Miklós Boronkay

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  1. Miklós Boronkay
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  1. Këllezi Legal, Geneva, Switzerland

    Pranvera Këllezi

  2. Addleshaw Goddard LLP, London, United Kingdom

    Bruce Kilpatrick

  3. Kobel Avocat Attorney-at-law, Geneva, Switzerland

    Pierre Kobel

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Boronkay, M. (2017). Hungary. In: Këllezi, P., Kilpatrick, B., Kobel, P. (eds) Abuse of Dominant Position and Globalization & Protection and Disclosure of Trade Secrets and Know-How. LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46891-4_24

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