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The Second Biggest African Country Undergoing Rapid Change: Ethiopia

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Africa's Population: In Search of a Demographic Dividend

Abstract

The chapter starts with a brief description of Ethiopia’s social, economic, and cultural background and discusses the availability of demographic data. Using the 2015 Revision of the United Nations World Population Prospects, the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys, and other government sources, the chapter examines the major components of population dynamics, along with the trends and key factors that have contributed to changes in mortality and fertility over the last three decades. Then, we present the fertility differentials by region, place of residence, and other socio-economic variables. We show that both mortality and fertility have declined considerably over the last 20 years in urban as well as rural areas , though the decline in urban mortality and fertility has been significantly larger. We review the levels and trends of the factors that are likely to have contributed to changes in mortality and fertility and discuss the evolution of population policies as well as the population projections until 2050. The last part of the chapter considers the country’s prospective chances of reaping a first demographic dividend .

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Notes

  1. 1.

    An innovative community based program introduced in 2003 with the aim of creating healthy environment and healthy living by making available essential health services at the grassroots level.

  2. 2.

    The HIV- and AIDS-related mortality was high in the 1990s.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Population Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Assefa Hailemariam

Authors
  1. Assefa Hailemariam
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Correspondence to Assefa Hailemariam .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. World Demographic & Ageing Forum (WDA Forum), St. Gallen, Switzerland

    Hans Groth

  2. Population Reference Bureau (PRB), Washington, DC, USA

    John F. May

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Hailemariam, A. (2017). The Second Biggest African Country Undergoing Rapid Change: Ethiopia. In: Groth, H., May, J. (eds) Africa's Population: In Search of a Demographic Dividend. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46889-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46889-1_4

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46887-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46889-1

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

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