Abstract
This chapter explains how Virginia Crocheron Gildersleeve’s sometimes paradoxical actions as dean of Barnard College can be contextualized and understood via contemporaneously changing concepts of Progressivism, constructs of race and ethnicity, and feminism.
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Notes
- 1.
Jon Grinspan, The Virgin Vote: How Young Americans Made Democracy Social, Politics Personal, and Voting Popular in the Nineteenth Century (Charlotte, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2016).
- 2.
Patricia Ann Palmieri, In Adamless Eden: The Community of Women Faculty at Wellesley (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995), 221.
- 3.
Sharon Clifford, “Progressive Era,” in Historical Dictionary of Women’s Education in the United States, ed. Linda Eisenmann (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998), 328–330, 328.
- 4.
Ibid ., 330.
- 5.
Ibid ., 329.
- 6.
Ibid ., 329.
- 7.
Karen Graves, Girls’ Schooling During the Progressive Era: From Female Scholar to Domesticated Citizen (New York: Routledge, 2013).
- 8.
Elisabeth Israel Perry, The Gilded Age and Progressive Era: A Student Companion (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 111.
- 9.
Gerald Leinwand, 1927: High Tide of the 1920s (New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2001), 12.
- 10.
Susan J. Douglas, Listening In: Radio and the American Imagination (New York: Times Books, 1999), 29.
- 11.
Ibid .
- 12.
Ibid ., 28.
- 13.
Ibid ., 38–39.
- 14.
Clifford 1998, 329.
- 15.
Paula S. Fass, Outside In: Minorities and the Transformation of American Education (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 159.
- 16.
Clifford 1998, 330.
- 17.
Andrew Hartman, Education and the Cold War: The Battle for the American School (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 9.
- 18.
Paula S. Fass, The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 30.
- 19.
Zoe Burkholder, Color in the Classroom: How American Schools Taught Race, 1900–1954 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 54.
- 20.
Fass 1989, 160.
- 21.
Burkholder 2011, 7.
- 22.
Ibid ., 21.
- 23.
Ibid ., 75.
- 24.
Ibid ., 83.
- 25.
Ibid .; Richard McMahon, The Races of Europe: Construction of National Identities in the Social Sciences, 1839–1939 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).
- 26.
Gildersleeve 1954, 353.
- 27.
Ibid .
- 28.
For a more detailed examination of the differences, see Sandra Adickes, To Be Young Was Very Heaven: Women in New York Before the First World War (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2000).
- 29.
Palmieri 1995, 222–223.
- 30.
Adickes 2000, 4.
- 31.
Dorothy Dunbar Bromley, “Feminist New Style,” ed. Grant Overton, Mirrors of a Year (New York: Frederick A. Stokes, Company, 1927). Quoted in Gerald Leinwand, 1927: High Tide of the Twenties (New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2001), 50.
- 32.
Ibid .
- 33.
Palmieri 1995, 154.
- 34.
Rosalind Rosenberg, Beyond Separate Spheres: Intellectual Roots of Modern Feminism (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1982), 159.
- 35.
Gildersleeve 1954, 131.
- 36.
David O. Levine, The American College and the Culture of Aspiration, 1915–1940 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986), 126.
- 37.
Gildersleeve 1954, 107.
- 38.
Ibid ., 105–106.
- 39.
Ibid ., 108.
- 40.
Gildersleeve, 1954, 105.
- 41.
Rosalind Rosenberg, “Living Legacies: Virginia Gildersleeve: Opening the Gates,” Columbia University Alumni Magazine (2001, Summer): 24–34, 31.
- 42.
Gildersleeve May 7, 1936, 9.
- 43.
Gildersleeve 1954, 98.
- 44.
Ibid ., 97–98.
- 45.
Ibid ., 106.
- 46.
Rosenberg 2001, 34.
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Dilley, P. (2017). Progressivism, Race, and Feminism. In: The Transformation of Women’s Collegiate Education . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46861-7_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46861-7_4
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