Abstract
William Wales was RMS master from 1776 to 1798.At the time of his appointment he was obviously full ofthe practical navigation experience that might be expected of anyoneaccepting the responsibility of preparing boys to take up sea-related apprenticeships. Between August 1768 and September 1769,he had coped with the wilds, and the bitter cold, of Hudson Bay, in Canada, on a successful Royal Society mission to observe a transit of the planet Venus. Then, between 1772 and 1775,he had accompanied Captain James Cook on Cook’s second major journey.During his time at Christ’s Hospital,Wales developed a more positive attitude towards the work of the Grammar School than had previous RMS masters, and Trollope and Pearce claimed that hesucceeded in stabilizing RMS operations. Both Trollope and Pearce lauded Wales as the greatest of the RMS masters, but in this chapter that assessment of Wales’s performance as RMS master is problematized.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
A Society of Gentlemen. (1773). Review of Robertson’s The Elements of Navigation. The Critical Review: Or Annals of Literature, 35, 130–134.
Allan, G. A. T., & Morpurgo, J. E. (1984). Christ’s Hospital. London, UK: Town & Country Books.
Blanch, W. H. (1877). The blue-coat boys: Or, school life in Christ’s Hospital, with a short history of the Foundation. London, UK: E. W. Allen.
“Blues” and the Royal Navy”. (1900, November 24). The Navy and Army Illustrated, 245–249.
Hospital, C.’s. (1673–1868). Committee of Almoners, minutes. Volumes of handwritten manuscript (held in the London Metropolitan Archives).
Committee of Old Blues. (1953). The Christ’s Hospital book. London, UK: Hamish Hamilton.
Cope, T. D. (1949). Mason and Dixon: English men of science.Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania (Thomas Darlington Cope Papers, UPT 50 C782).
Davids, K. (2001). Amsterdam as a centre of learning in the Dutch golden age, c. 1580–1700. In P. O’Brien, D. Keene, M. Hart, & H. van der Wee (Eds.), Urban achievement in early modern Europe: Golden ages in Antwerp, Amsterdam and London (pp. 305–325). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Denniss, J. (2012). Figuring it out: Children’s arithmetical manuscripts 1680–1880. Oxford, UK: Huxley Scientific Press.
Dodson, J. (1755–1756). A letter to the Reverend William Brackenridge, D. D., Rector of Mich. Bassishaw, and F.R.S. with a table of the value of annuities on lives.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,49, 891–892.
Ellerton, N. F., & Clements, M. A. (2012). Rewriting the history of school mathematics in North America 1607–1861. New York, NY: Springer.
Ellerton, N. F., & Clements, M. A. (2014). Abraham Lincoln’s cyphering book, and ten other extraordinary cyphering books. New York, NY: Springer.
Forster, G. (1778). Reply to Mr. Wales’s remarks. London, UK: R. White.
Gardy, K. E. (2011). For their maintenance and education: An analysis of children entering Christ’s Hospital, London, 1763–1803. The College of William and Mary (Virginia): Unpublished Master of Arts thesis.
Gray, R. (1833). The last essays of Elia. London, UK: Moxon.
Gray, G. J. (2004). Dodson, James (c. 1705–1757). In A. McConnell (Ed.), Oxford dictionary of national biography (online). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Hale, W. H. (1855). Some account of the hospital of King Edward VI in the City of London, called Christ’s Hospital: Its past and present condition. London, UK: Rivingtons.
Hans, N. A. (1951a). The Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation. (1701). The Slavonic and East European Review, 29(73), 532–536.
Hans, N. A. (1951b). New trends in education in the 18th century. London, UK: Routledge.
Harris, D. (1769). Observations of the transit of Venus over the Sun, made at the Round Tower in Windsor Castle. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 59, 422–431.
Hudon, D. (2004).A(not so) brief history of the transits of Venus. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada ,98(1), 6–20.
Hunt, J. (1870). The autobiography of Leigh Hunt. London, UK: Smith, Elder & Co.
Ivashova, O. (2011). The history of the present state of elementary mathematical education in Russia. In A. Karp & B. R. Vogeli (Eds.), Russian mathematics education: Programs and practices (pp. 37–80). Singapore: World Scientific.
Johnson, R. B. (Ed.). (1896). Christ’s Hospital: Recollections of Lamb, Coleridge and Leigh Hunt, with some account of its foundation. London, UK: George Allen.
Jones, C. (2015). The sea and the sky: The history of the Royal Mathematical School of Christ’s Hospital. Horsham, UK: Author.
Lamb, C. (1885). Essays of Elia and other pieces. London, UK: George Routledge and Sons.
Lamb, C. (1901). The complete works of Charles Lamb in prose and verse. London, UK: Chatto&Windus.
Mansell, K. (2014). Christ’s Hospital pupils 1552–1902. Twickenham, UK: Ashwater Press.
McMillan, M. M. (2011). Gather the shadowmen: The lords of the ocean. Richardson, TX: Hephaestus.
Orchiston, W. (2016). Exploring the history of New Zealand astronomy: Trials, tribulations, telescopes and transits. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Pearce, E. H. (1901). Annals of Christ’s Hospital. London, UK: Methuen & Co.
“Review—Trollope’s History of Christ’s Hospital” (1834). The Gentleman’s Review.1, 520–524.
Robertson, J. (1754). The elements of navigation. London, UK: C. Nourse.
Robertson, J. (1764). The elements of navigation (2nd ed.). London, UK: C. Nourse.
Robertson, J., & Wales, W. (1780). The elements of navigation (4th ed.). London, UK: C. Nourse.
Robertson, J., & Wales, W. (1786). The elements of navigation (5th ed.). London, UK: C. Nourse.
Stedall, J. (2012). The history of mathematics: A very short introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Stewart, L. (1999). Other centres of calculation, or where the Royal Society didn’t count: Commerce, coffee-houses and natural philosophy in early modern London. British Journal of the History of Science, 32, 132–153.
Stewart, L. (2001). Philosophers in the counting-houses: Commerce, coffee-houses and experiment in early modern London. In P. O’Brien, D. Keene, M. Hart, & H. van der Wee (Eds.), Urban achievement in early modern Europe: Golden ages in Antwerp, Amsterdam and London (pp. 326–345). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Talfourd, T. N. (Ed.). (1838). The works of Charles Lamb, to which are affixed his letters and a sketch of his life. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
Taylor, E. G. R. (1956). The haven-finding art: A history of navigation from Odysseus to Captain Cook. London, UK: Hollis & Carter.
Taylor, E. G. R. (1966). The mathematical practitioners of Hanoverian England 1714–1840. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Thornbury, W. (1878). Old and new London: A narrative of its history, its people and its places. London, UK: Cassell, Petter, Galpin& Co.
Trollope, W. (1834). A history of the royal foundation of Christ’s Hospital. London, UK: Pickering.
Wales, W. (1772). The two books of Apollonius concerning determinate sections. As they had been restored by WillebrordusSnellius, by John Lawson, to which are added, the same two books by William Wales. London, UK: G. Bigg.
Wales, W. (1775).Log book of HMS Resolution.Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives, Greenwich (see also Cambridge Digital Library).
Wales, W. (1788). Astronomical observations made voyages which were undertaken by order of his present Majesty for making discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere … London. UK: P. Elmsley.
Wales, W., &Dymond, J. (1770). Observations on the state of the air, winds, weather, etc. made at the Prince of Wales’s Fort, on the north-west coast of Hudson’s Bay, in the years 1768 and 1769.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,60, 137–178.
Wardhaugh, B. (2012). Poor Robyn’s prophecies: A curious almanac, and the everyday mathematics of Georgian Britain. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
West, J. (1825). Elements of navigation.Handwritten manuscript prepared at Christ’s Hospital. Held in the Clements Library, University of Michigan.
Williams, G. (1979). William Wales. Dictionary of Canadian biography, Volume IV (1771–1800). (pp. 757–758). Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto.
Williams, G. (2003). Wales, William. Dictionary of Canadian Biography (Vol. 4). University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wales_william_4E.html.
Wilson, J. I. (1820). A brief history of Christ’s Hospital, from its foundation by King Edward the Sixth to the present time, with a list of the governors. London, UK: Author.
Wilson, J. I. (1821). The history of Christ’s Hospital from its foundation by King Edward VIin which are added memoirs of eminent men educated there, and a list of the governors. London, UK: John Nichols and Son.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ellerton, N.F., Clements, M.A.(. (2017). William Wales: RMS Master 1776–1798. In: Samuel Pepys, Isaac Newton, James Hodgson, and the Beginnings of Secondary School Mathematics. History of Mathematics Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46657-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46657-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46656-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46657-6
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)