Skip to main content

Human Emotional Understanding for Empathetic Companion Robots

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Advances in Computational Intelligence Systems

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 513))

Abstract

Companion robots are becoming more common in home environments, as such a greater emphasis is required on analysis of human behaviour. An important aspect of human behaviour is emotion, both the ability to express and comprehend. While humans have developed excellent skills in inferring the emotional states of their counterparts via implicit cues such as facial expression and body language, this level of understanding is often neglected in Human Robot Interactions; furthermore, humans are able to empathetically respond to the emotions of others to create a more harmonious and person relationship. This paper is a preliminary proposal of a novel approach for facial emotional detection and appropriate empathetic responses, in conjunction with long term emotion mapping and prediction; the proposed system will be implemented on a social mobile robot, thus allowing a further level of behavioural comprehension to achieve a more human like encounter. The technique will be based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, using FACS Action Units as inputs, a high level facial descriptor layer and output of six emotions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Skinner, B.F.: Science and human behavior. Simon and Schuster (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Haddadin, S., Suppa, M., Fuchs, S., Bodenmüller, T., Albu-Schäffer, A., Hirzinger, G.: Towards the robotic co-worker. In: Robotics Research, pp. 261–282. Springer (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Goetz, J., Kiesler, S., Powers, A.: Matching robot appearance and behavior to tasks to improve human-robot cooperation. In: The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Proceedings. ROMAN 2003, pp. 55–60. IEEE (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Nehaniv, C.L., Dautenhahn, K.: Imitation and Social Learning in Robots, Humans and Animals: Behavioural, Social and Communicative Dimensions. Cambridge University Press (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Christopher, G.J., Preethi, S., Beevi, S.J.: Adapting robot behavior for human robot interaction. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Information and Network Technology (ICINT 2011) (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Breazeal, C., Kidd, C.D., Thomaz, A.L., Hoffman, G., Berlin, M.: Effects of nonverbal communication on effciency and robustness in human-robot teamwork. In: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2005 (IROS 2005), pp. 708–713. IEEE (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mercer, S.W., Reynolds, W.J.: Empathy and quality of care. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 52(Suppl), S9–12 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Broekens, J., Heerink, M., Rosendal, H.: Assistive social robots in elderly care: a review. Gerontechnology 8(2), 94–103 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Facial action coding system (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lucey, P., Cohn, J.F., Kanade, T., Saragih, J., Ambadar, Z., Matthews, I.: The extended cohn-kanade dataset (ck+): a complete dataset for action unit and emotion-speciffed expression. In: 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 94–101. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Frank, M., Movellan, J., Bartlett, M., Littleworth, G.: Ru-facs-1 database. Machine Perception Laboratory, UC San Diego, vol. 1 (2012). REFERENCES 9

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ioannou, S.V., Raouzaiou, A.T., Tzouvaras, V.A., Mailis, T.P., Karpouzis, K.C., Kollias, S.D.: Emotion recognition through facial expression analysis based on a neurofuzzy network. Neural Netw. 18(4), 423–435 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lucey, S., Ashraf, A.B., Cohn, J.F.: Investigating spontaneous facial action recognition through aam representations of the face. INTECH Open Access Publisher (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bartlett, M.S., Littlewort, G., Frank, M., Lainscsek, C., Fasel, I., Movellan, J.: Fully automatic facial action recognition in spontaneous behavior. In: 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2006. FGR 2006, pp. 223–230. IEEE (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Valstar, M.F., Pantic, M.: Fully automatic recognition of the temporal phases of facial actions. Syst. Man Cybern Part B: Cybern IEEE Trans 42(1), 28–43 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kosko, B.: Fuzzy cognitive maps. Int. J. Man- Mach. Stud. 24(1), 65–75 (1986)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Salmeron, J.L.: Fuzzy cognitive maps for artiffcial emotions forecasting. Appl. Soft Comput. 12(12), 3704–3710 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Akinci, H.M., Yesil, E.: Emotion modeling using fuzzy cognitive maps. In: 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI), pp. 49–55. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chakraborty, A., Konar, A., Chakraborty, U.K., Chatterjee, A.: Emotion recognition from facial expressions and its control using fuzzy logic. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A Syst. Humans IEEE Trans. 39(4), 726–743 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Essa, I.A., Pentland, A.P.: Coding, analysis, interpretation, and recognition of facial expressions. Pattern Anal. Machi. Intell. IEEE Trans. 19(7), 757–763 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zeng, Z., Fu, Y., Roisman, G.I., Wen, Z., Hu, Y., Huang, T.S.: Spontaneous emotional facial expression detection. J. Multimedia 1(5), 1–8 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Acampora, G., Loia, V.: On the temporal granularity in fuzzy cognitive maps. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 19(6), 1040–1057 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Carvalho, J.P., Tom, J.A.: Rule based fuzzy cognitive mapsexpressing time in qualitative system dynamics. In: The 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 280–283. IEEE (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Miao, Y., Liu, Z.-Q., Siew, C.K., Miao, C.Y.: Dynamical cognitive network-an extension of fuzzy cognitive map. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 9(5), 760–770 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wei, Z., Lu, L., Yanchun, Z.: Using fuzzy cognitive time maps for modeling and evaluating trust dynamics in the virtual enterprises. Expert Syst. Appl. 35(4), 1583–1592 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alyxander David May .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

May, A.D., Lotfi, A., Langensiepen, C., Lee, K., Acampora, G. (2017). Human Emotional Understanding for Empathetic Companion Robots. In: Angelov, P., Gegov, A., Jayne, C., Shen, Q. (eds) Advances in Computational Intelligence Systems. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 513. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46562-3_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46562-3_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46561-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46562-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics