Abstract
The chapter deals with the regulation of dystopia and utopia, exclusion regimes and postnationalism. The freedom of religious practice and the troubled history of building a mosque in Athens provide the setting for the examination of the concept and process of integration and tolerance.
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Notes
- 1.
Reconsiderations over the future of multiculturalism and its applicability as a set of integration policies coincided with the European Commission’s 1994 agenda regarding the legal status of third country nationals in the EU. The Commission set a policy framework based on three major issues: reduction of migration pressure; control of migration flows; and enhancing the integration processes for third country nationals. In effect, the Commission’s propositions were in synch with the view held by most of the member states that immigration flows should be controlled and limited, and the immigration gradually marginalises the native population of the EU.
- 2.
The presence and activities of PEGIDA signal a radical break with the recent political past of Germany where organised and formalised outbursts of xenophobia were absent. For PEGIDA the labels of racism, Nazism and Islamophobia attributed to the movement by the German political establishment indicate the impossibility to challenge the dominant discourse of denationalisation and immigration.
- 3.
Two years before the referendum took place, the Swiss People’s Party managed to become the second most popular party in Switzerland despite being called a racist party by religious organisations and the United Nation (UN). The party presented itself as the true voice of the Swiss people whose opinion must be taken seriously when issues of religious practice and cultural homogeneity are concerned.
- 4.
Against the Conservative conception of State and Church as one body where membership of one implies membership of the other, Locke in line with the Whigs argued for the separation of Church and State. See J.W Gough (1991) The Development of Locke’s Belief in Toleration.
- 5.
Control of the Self (or self-subjection) pivots around the Foucauldian notion of Ethics which is understood as the relationship you ought to have with yourself. The formation of the self as an ethical self requires certain practices of the self which Foucault calls them “technologies of the self”. See Foucault Michel (2000) “Technologies of the Self”, in Rabinow Paul (ed.), Ethics vol.1: Subjectivity and Truth: Essential Works of Michel Foucault 1954–1984.
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Maronitis, K. (2017). The Social Process of Integration and Tolerance. In: Postnationalism and the Challenges to European Integration in Greece. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46346-9_6
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