Abstract
Basically, complex systems are defined as a large number of autonomous entities in interaction, that create several levels of collective organization leading to emergent (and immergent) behavior. In short, complex systems are characterized by the observation that the whole is more than the sum of the parts (Aristotle). The aim of this paper is to address the issue of innovation systems in order to determine by how much they constitute complex systems.
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Acknowledgment
The authors wish to thank Pierre Collet (University of Strasbourg) for his valuable support.
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Muller, E., Héraud, JA., Zenker, A. (2017). Are Innovation Systems Complex Systems?. In: Bourgine, P., Collet, P., Parrend, P. (eds) First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45901-1_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45901-1_17
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