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Cartilage Injury and Osteoarthritis

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Cartilage

Abstract

Mechanical stress is an obligatory aetiological factor in the development of OA so understanding how tissues of the joint respond to mechanical injury is likely to inform our understanding of pathogenesis. Much is known about how vascular tissues respond to damage, a process that involves activation of platelets on the exposed endothelium and recruitment of leukocytes to the site of injury. The articular cartilage is avascular yet responds rapidly and strongly to a range of mechanical stresses including cutting, avulsion, impact loading and shearing. It does so by activating a number of mechanosensitive pathways mediated by release of molecules trapped within the pericellular matrix as well as by triggering mechanoreceptors at the cell surface. In this way injury drives a number of intracellular signalling pathways, leading to a broad range of cellular responses. These pathways appear to be relevant to the in vivo response to mechanical disruption and affect the course of experimental OA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK

    Heba M. Ismail & Tonia L. Vincent

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  1. Heba M. Ismail
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  2. Tonia L. Vincent
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Correspondence to Tonia L. Vincent .

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  1. Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Susanne Grässel

  2. Department of General, Trauma, and Reconstruction Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

    Attila Aszódi

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Ismail, H.M., Vincent, T.L. (2017). Cartilage Injury and Osteoarthritis. In: Grässel, S., Aszódi, A. (eds) Cartilage. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45803-8_2

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