Skip to main content

Treatment of Intraarticular Joint Fractures of the Lower Extremity with External Fixators

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Basic Techniques for Extremity Reconstruction

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

Treatment of Distal Femur Intra-articular Fractures with Ilizarov Circular External Fixator

  1. Stover M. Distal femoral fractures: current treatment, results and complications. Injury Int J care Injured. 2001;32:3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Gwathmey FW, Jones-Quaidoo SM, Kahler D, Hurwitz S, Cui Q. Distal femoral fractures: current Concept. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18:597–607.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Court-Brown CM, Caesar B. Epidemiology of adult fractures: a review. Injury. 2006;37:691–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Martinet O, Cordey J, Harder Y, Maier A, Bühler M, Barraud GE. The epidemiology of fractures of the distal femur. Injury. 2000;31:C62–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Agarwal A. Open reduction and internal fixation of the distal femur. In: Wiesel SW, editor. Operative techniques in orthopaedic surgery. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Arneson TJ, Melton III LJ, Lewallen DG, O’Fallon WM. Epidemiology of diaphyseal and distal femoral fractures in Rochester, Minnesota, 1965–1984. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;234:188–94.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Smith JR, Halliday R, AL A, Morrison RJ, Yip GC, McArthur J, Hull P, Gray A, Kelly MB, Collaborative – Orthopaedic Trauma Society (OTS). Distal femoral fractures: the need to review the standard of care. Injury. 2015;46:1084–8. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2015.02.016. Epub 2015 Feb 26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Paley D. Principles of deformity correction. 1st ed. Corr. 2nd printing 2003. Heidelberg/New York: Springer; 2002. p. 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Marsh JL, Slongo TF, Agel J, et al. Fracture and dislocation classification compendium - 2007: Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, database, and outcomes committee. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(10 suppl):S1–S133.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Nork SE, Segina DN, Aflatoon K, et al. The association between supracondylar- intercondylar distal femoral fractures and coronal plane fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:564–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Zehntner MK, Marchesi DG, Burch H, Ganz R. Alignment of supracondylar/ intercondylar fractures of the femur after internal fixation by AO/ASIF technique. J Orthop Trauma. 1992;6:318–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Pettine KA. Supracondylar fractures of the femur: long-term follow-up of closed versus nonrigid internal fixation. Contemp Orthop. 1990;21:253–61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bolhofner BR, Carmen B, Clifford P. The results of open reduction and internal fixation of distal femur fractures using a biologic (indirect) reduction technique. J Orthop Trauma. 1996;10:372–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Makale 0(11) Stewart MJ, Sisk TD, Wallace SL. Fractures of the distal end of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg. 1966; 48A: 784–807.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Makale 0(16) Della TI, Aglietti I, Altissimi M. Results of rigid fixation in 54 supracondylar fractures of the femur. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1980; 97:177–83.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mize RD, Bucholz RW, Dl G. Surgical treatment of displaced, comminuted fractures of the distal end of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:871–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pritchett JW. Supracondylar fractures of the femur. Clin Orthop. 1984;184:173–7.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Arazi M, Memik R, Ogün TC, Yel M. Ilizarov external fixation for severely comminuted supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the distal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83:663–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hutson Jr JJ, Zych GA. Treatment of comminuted intraarticular distal femur fractures with limited internal and external tensioned wire fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 2000;14:405–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kolb K, Grützner P, Koller H, Windisch C, Marx F, Kolb W. The condylar plate for treatment of distal femoral fractures: a long-term follow-up study. Injury. 2009;40:440–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Huang HT, Huang PJ, Su JY, Lin SY. Indirect reduction and bridge plating of supracondylar fractures of the femur. Injury. 2003;34:135–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Higgins TF, Pittman G, Hines J, Bachus KN. Biomechanical analysis of distal femur fracture fixation: fixed-angle screw-plate construct versus condylar blade plate. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21:43–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Weight M, Collinge C. Early results of the less invasive stabilization system for mechanically unstable fractures of the distal femur (AO/OTA types A2, A3, C2, and C3). J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:503–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kolb W, Guhlmann H, Windisch C, Marx F, Kolb K, Koller H. Fixation of distal femoral fractures with the less invasive stabilization system: a minimally invasive treatment with locked fixed-angle screws. J Trauma. 2008;65:1425–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Freedman EL, Hak DJ, Johnson EE, Eckardt JJ. Total knee replacement including a modular distal femoral component in elderly patients with acute fracture or nonunion. J Orthop Trauma. 1995;9:231–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Beltran MJ, Gary JL, Collinge CA. Management of distal femur fractures with modern plates and nails: state of the art. J Orthop Trauma. 2015;29:165–72. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Tornetta P III, Egol KA, Jones CB, et al. Locked plating versus retro- grade nailing for distal femur fractures: a multicenter randomized trial. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association; Phoenix. 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zlowodzki M, Williamson S, Cole PA, Zardiackas LD, Kregor PJ. Biomechanical evaluation of the less invasive stabilization system, angled blade plate, and retrograde intramedullary nail for the internal fixation of distal femur fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:494–502.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kregor PJ, Stannard JA, Zlowodzki M, Cole PA. Treatment of distal femur fractures using the less invasive stabilization system: Surgical experience and early clinical results in 103 fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:509–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Vallier HA, Hennessey TA, Sontich JK, Patterson BM. Failure of LCP condylar plate fixation in the distal part of the femur: a report of six cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:846–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Vallier HA, Immler W. Comparison of the 95-degree angled blade plate and the locking condylar plate for the treatment of distal femoral fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26:327–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Parekh AA, Smith WR, Silva S, et al. Treatment of distal femur and proximal tibia fractures with external fixation followed by planned conversion to internal fixation. J Trauma. 2008;64:736–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Button G, Wolinsky P, Hak D. Failure of less invasive stabilization system plates in the distal femur: a report of four cases. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:565–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Coppola AJ, Anzel SH. Use of the Hoffman external fixator in the treatment of femoral fractures. Clin Orthop. 1983;180:78–82.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Dabezies EJ, D’Ambrosia R, Shoji H, Norris R, Murphy G. Fractures of the femoral shaft treated by external fixation with the wagner device. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:360–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Marsh JL, Jansen H, Yoong HK, Found EM. Supracondylar fractures of the femur treated with external fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 1997;6:405–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Catagni MA, Malzev V, Kirienko A. Advances in İlizarov apparatus assembly. Fracture treatment pseudarthroses. In: Maiocchi AB, editor. Lengthening and deformity correction. Medicalplastic srl: Milan; 1994. p. 42–7.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Çakmak M, Bilen FE. Çerçeve kurma teknikleri. In: Çakmak M, Kocaoğlu M, editors. İlizarov cerrahisi ve prensipleri. 1st ed. İstanbul; Doruk Graphics. 1999. p. 47–61.

    Google Scholar 

Proxımal Tıbıa Fractures and Treatment wıth an External Fıxator

  1. Catagni MA, Ottaviani G, Maggioni M. Treatment strategies for complex fractures of the tibial plateau with external circular fixation and limited internal fixation. J Trauma. 2007;63(5):1043–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. DeCoster TA, Nepola JV, el-Khoury GY. Cast brace treatment of proximal tibia fractures. A ten-year follow-up study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;231:196–204.

    Google Scholar 

  3. DeCoster TA, Crawford MK, Kraut MA. Safe extracapsular placement of proximal tibia transfixation pins. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18(8 Suppl):S43–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hall JA, Beuerlein MJ, McKee MD, Canadian Orthopaedic Trauma Society. Open reduction and internal fixation compared with circular fixator application for bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(Suppl 2 Pt1):74–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Honkonen SE. Degenerative arthritis after tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1995;9(4):273–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Konrad G, Südkamp N. Extra-articular proximal tibial fracture. Chirurg. 2007;78:161–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Marsh JL, Smith ST, Do TT. External fixation and limited internal fixation for complex fractures of the tibial plateau. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(5):661–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. M.Çakmak, M.Kocaoğlu. İlizarov cerrahisi ve prensipleri kitabı. 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Pasa L, Kelbl M, Suchomel R, Procházka V, Filipínský J. Treatment of intra-articular proximal tibial evaluation of two- to seven-year follow-up. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2007;74(5):336–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ramos T, Ekholm C, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J, Nistor L. The Ilizarov external fixator – a useful alternative forthe treatment of proximal tibial fractures a prospectiveobservationalstudy of 30 consecutivepatients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Savolainen VT, Pajarinen J, Hirvensalo E, Lindahl J. Hybrid external fixation in treatment of proximal tibial fractures: a good outcome in AO/ASIF type-C fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130(7):897–901.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Tejwani NC, Hak DJ, Finkemeier CG, Wolinsky PR. High-energy proximal tibial fractures: treatment options and decision making. Instr Course Lect. 2006;55:367–79.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Weigel DP, Marsh JL. High-energy fractures of the tibial plateau. Knee function after longer follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84(A(9)):1541–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Weiner LS, Kelley M, Yang E, Steuer J, Watnick N, Evans M, Bergman M. The use of combination internal fixation and hybrid external fixation in severe proximal tibia fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1995;29(3):182–5.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Yilmaz E, Belhan O, Karakurt L, Arslan N, Serin E. Mechanical performance of hybrid Ilizarov external fixator in comparison with Ilizarov circular external fixator. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2003;18(6):518–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Intra-articular Fractures of Long Bones: Tibial Pilon Fractures

  1. Vidyadhara S, Rao SK. Ilizarov treatment of complex tibial pilon fractures. Int Orthop (SICOT). 2006;30:113–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bacon S, Smith WR, Morgan SJ, Hasenboehler E, Philips G, et al. A retrospective analysis of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the tibial plafond: open reduction and internal fixation versus external Ilizarov fixation. Injury. 2008;39:196–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Stufkens SAS, van den Bekerom MPJ, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Hintermann B, van Dijk CN. Long-term outcome after 1822 operatively treated ankle fractures: a systematic review of the literature. Injury. 2011;42:119–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ahmad MA, Sivaraman A, Zia A, Rai A, Patel AD. Percutaneous locking plates for fractures of the distal tibia: our experience and a review of the literature. J Trauma. 2012;72:E81–7.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Shanmugam C, Rahmatalla A, Maffulli N. Percutaneous fixation of distal tibial fractures using locking plates. Tech Orthop. 2007;22(3):162–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Francois J, Vandeputte G, Verheyden F, Nelen G. Percutaneous plate fixation of fractures of the distal tibia. Acta Orthop Belg. 2004;70:148–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bozkurt M, Ocguder DA, Ugurlu M, Kalkan T. Tibial pilon fracture repair using Ilizarov external fixation, capsuloligamentotaxis, and early rehabilitation of the ankle. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;47(4):302–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Leung F, Kwok HY, Pun TS, Chow SP. Limited open reduction and Ilizarov external fixation in the treatment of distal tibial fractures. Injury. 2004;35:278–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Calori GM, Tagliabue L, Mazza E, Bellis U, Pierannunzii L, et al. Tibial pilon fractures: which method of treatment? Injury. 2010;41:1183–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Tarkin IS, Clare MP, Marcantonio A, Pape HC. An update on the management of high-energy pilon fractures. Injury. 2008;39:142–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Blauth M, Bastian L, Krettek C, Knop C, Evans S. Surgical options for the treatment of severe tibial pilon fractures: a study of three techniques. J Orthop Trauma. 2001;15(3):153–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Vasiliadis ES, Grivas TB, Psarakis SA, Papavasileiou E, Kaspiris A, et al. Advantages of the Ilizarov external fixation in the management of intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia. J Orthop Surg Res. 2009;4:35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Probe RA. Minimaly invasive fixation of tibial pilon fractures. Oper Tech Orthop. 2001;11(3):205–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Oestern HJ, Tscherne H. Pathophysiology and classification of soft tissue injuries associated with fractures. In: Tscherne H, Gotzen L, editors. Fractures with soft tissue injuries (German). Berlin: Springer; 1984. s:1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gustilo RB. Management of open fractures and their complications. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co; 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gustilo RB, Gruninger RP, Davis T. Classification of type 3 open fractures relative to treatment and results. Orthopedics. 1987;10:1781–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ruedi TP, Allgower M. Fractures of the lower end of the tibia into the ankle joint. Injury. 1969;1:92–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Marsh JL, Slongo TF, Agel J, et al. Fracture and dislocation classification compendium – 2007: Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, database and outcomes committee. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(Suppl 10):S1–S133.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Aktuğlu K, Ozsoy MH, Yensel U. Treatment of displaced pylon fractures with circular external fixators of Ilizarov. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19(4):208–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Leung F, Kwok HY, Pun TS, Chow SP. Limited open reduction and Ilizarov external fixation in the treatment of distal tibial fractures. Injury. 2004;35(3):278–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bacon S, Smith WR, Morgan SJ, Hasenboehler E, Philips G, Williams A, Ziran BH, Stahel PF. A retrospective analysis of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the tibial plafond: open reduction and internal fixation versus external Ilizarov fixation. Injury. 2008;39(2):196–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wallace B. Lehman. Operating room guide to cross sectional anatomy of the extremities and pelvis. NewYork: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 13: 9780881675627 ISBN 10: 0881675628.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Canale, Beaty. Campbell’s operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, NewYork: Mosby; 2008. ISBN: 978-0-323-03329-9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mehmet Erdem MD , Mehmet Erdem or Mehmet Erdil MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Erdem, M. et al. (2018). Treatment of Intraarticular Joint Fractures of the Lower Extremity with External Fixators. In: Çakmak, M., Şen, C., Eralp, L., Balci, H., Civan, M. (eds) Basic Techniques for Extremity Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45675-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45675-1_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45673-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45675-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics