Abstract
This study examines changes in the epistemic status of recycled botanical woodblocks brought about by shifts of social, economic, and intellectual purpose. Unmoored from their original intent, some woodblocks, once created, began to travel, finding their way into sites remote from their places of origin, and influencing processes of visualizing the world by fitting, with renewed purpose, into the space between the objects of nature and the imagination. As traveling objects of representation and as embodiments of plant depictions, woodblocks figure into the material culture of shared practices in the early modern era, transmitting specific images for diverse purposes while communicating the artistic and artisanal practices embedded in them as artifacts. They constitute in this way a relatively stable material source of visual imagery; physically fixed but culturally mutable objects that help revise and reshape the perception of the natural world.
An additional dimension of the study employs features of network theory to explore the “small world” of artists, draftsmen, cutters, printers and publishers that made and then reused woodblocks, focusing especially upon the conditions of woodblock use and reuse in two traditions. The first relates to the creation of woodblocks depicting plants commissioned by Leonhard Thurneisser (1531–1596) which were later reused by Thomas Panckow (1622–1665) and Batholomaeus Zorn (1639–1717). The second examines the creation of the woodblocks used by Pietro Andrea Mattioli (1501–1577) in sixteenth century editions of his Commentaries on Dioscorides and which continued to be reused into the eighteenth century. I argue that the reuse and repurposing of woodblocks is an obvious economic feature of shared practices among the processes of plant illustration in the early modern era. In making woodblocks, and in the practices of printing images from them, knowledge that related to scribal, print, and xylographic traditions intersected. Social roles also overlapped as artists, draftsmen, cutters, and printers joined in associations linking their labors and materials to create compelling and reuseable “working objects” as a way to envision specific parts of nature.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Manuscript Sources
American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia; Mss.B.D87,580.D881.
Printed Sources
Allard, Michel. 1970. Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau et le Ministrère de la Marine. Ottawa: Les Editions Leméac Inc.
Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. 1907–1950, ed. Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker, 37 vols. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.
Allmon, Warren D. 2007. The evolution of accuracy in natural history illustration: Reversal of printed illustrations of snails and crabs in pre-linnaean works suggests indifference to morphological detail. Archives of Natural History 34: 174–191.
Auer, Alfred. 1995. Erzherzog Ferdinand II (1529–1595) Renaissance Fürst und Herr über Rüstkammers, Kunstkammer und Bibliothek aus Schloß Ambras. In Natur und Kunst: Handschriften und Alben aus der Ambraser Sammlung Erzherzog Ferdinands II, ed. Alfred Auer and Eva Irblich, 13–78. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum.
Ayres, Julia. 1993. Printmaking techniques. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications.
Baird, Davis. 2004. Thing knowledge: A philosophy of scientific instruments. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Baudrier, Henri-Louis 1921. Jean Vaugris. In Bibliographie Lyonnaise. Recherches sur les imprimeurs, libraires, et fondeurs de lettres de Lyon au XVIe siècle. 10: 457–464.
Baumann, Susanne. 1998. Pflanzenabbildungen in alten Kräuterbüchern. Die Umbelliferen in der Herbarien- und Kräuterbuchliteratur der frühen Neuzeit, Heidelberger Schriften zur Pharmazie- und Naturwissenschaftsgeschichte, 15. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.
Becher, Johann Joachim. 1663. Parnassus medicinalis illustratus. Oder: ein Neues/und Dergestalt/Vormahln nie Gesehenes Their-Kräuter und Berg-Buch…. Ulm: In Verlegung Johann Görlins.
Bender, John, and Michael Marrinan. 2010. The culture of diagram. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Benjamin, Walter. 1955. Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit. In Schriften, ed. Theodor Adorno, et al. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp Verlag. English edition: Arendt, Hannah. 1968. The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction. In Illuminations (trans: Zohn, Harry). 217–252. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.
Benjamin, Walter. 2002. The work of art in the age of its technological reproducibility (third version). In Walter Benjamin, selected writings, vol. 4, 1938–1940, ed. Eiland Howard and Michael W. Jennings, 251–283. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bidwell, John. 2003. Mattioli’s herbal: A short account of its illustrations, with a print from the original woodblock. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library.
Boerlin, Paul H. 1976. Leonhard Thurneisser als Auftraggeber: Kunst im Dienste der Selbstdarstellung zwischen Humanismus und Barock. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag.
Bohatcová, Mirjam. 1985. Prager Drucke der Werke Pierandrea Mattiolis aus dem Jahren 1558–1602. Gutenberg-Jahrbuch 60: 167–185.
Bourde, André J. 1952. The influence of England on the French Agronomes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brunfels, Otto. 1532. Contrafayt Kreuterbuch…. Strassburg: Hans Schotten.
Camerarius, Joachim. 1590. Kreutterbuch deß hochgelehrten und weitberühmten Hern D. Petri Andreae Matthioli…. Frankfurt am Main: Johan Feyrabendt in Verlegung Peter Fuchers und Heinrich Dacken Erben.
Carlino, Andrea. 1999. Paper bodies: A catalogue of anatomical fugitive sheets, 1538–1687. Trans. Noga Arikha. London: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine.
Carlowitz, Hans Carl von. 1713. Sylvicultura oeconomica, oder hauswirtschaftliche Nachricht und naturmäßige Anweisung zur wilden Baum-Zucht…. Leipzig: verlegts Johann Friedrich Braun.
Castells, Manuel. 2000. Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society. The British Journal of Sociology 51: 5–25.
Cave, Roderick. 2009. Impressions of nature: A history of nature printing. New York: Mark Batty Publisher.
Chemero, Anthony. 2003. An outline of a theory of affordances. Ecological Psychology 15 (2): 181–195.
Chinard, Gilbert. 1957. Recently acquired botanical documents. American Philosophical Society Proceedings 101: 508–522.
Claus, Helmut. 1986. Die Zwickauer Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts, Teil 2 Wolfgang Meyerpeck (1530–1551). Gotha: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha.
Clusius, Carolus. 1576. Rariorum aliquot Stirpium per Hispanias Observatarum Historia…. Antwerp: ex officina C. Plantini.
Corvol, Andrée 2001. Duhamel du Monceau 1700–2000: un européan du siècle des lumières. Orléans: Académie d’Orléans.
Cronberg, Guglielmo Coronini. 1971. Giorgio Liberale e i suoi fratelli. In Studi di storia dell’arte in onore di Antonio Morassi, ed. Arte Veneta, 85–96. Venice: Alfieri.
Daston, Lorraine, and Peter Galison. 1992. The image of objectivity. Representations 40: 81–128.
Daston, Lorraine, and Peter Gallison. 2010. Objectivity. New York: Zone Books.
Delisle, Candice. 2004. The letter: Private text or public place? The Mattioli-Gesner controversy about the Aconitum. Gesnerus 61: 161–176.
Dewey, John. 1934. The expressive object. In Art as experience, reprint 2005, 85–109. New York: Perigree.
Die Monogrammisten und diejenigen bekannten und unbekannten Künstler aller Schulen. 1863, ed. G.K. Nagler, 5 vols. Munich: G. Franz.
Dodoens, Rembert. 1574. Purgantium aliarumque eo facientium tum et radicum, convolvulorum et deleteriarum herbarum historiae libri IIII. Antwerp: Chr. Plantinus.
Dodoens, Rembert. 1583. Stirpium historiae Pemptades sex, sive Libri XXX. Antwerp: ex officina Christophori Plantini.
Duhamel du, Monceau, and Henri Louis. 1753. Avis pour le Transport par Mer des Arbres, des Plantes Vivaces, des Semences et de Diverses Autres Curiosités d’Histoire Naturelle Seconde Édition, Considérablement Augmentée. Paris: de L’Imprimerie Royale.
Duhamel du, Monceau, and Henri Louis. 1755. Traité des arbres et arbustes qui se cultivent en France en pleine terre. Paris: H.L. Guerin et F.L. Delatour.
Duhamel du, Monceau, and Henri Louis. 1981. In Mr. Duhamel’s 1728 treatise on the violet root rot of saffron crocus: Physical explanation of a disease that perishes several plants in the Gastinois, and saffron in particular, ed. J.C. Zadoks. Wageningen: H. Veenman and Zonen B.V.
Dupont de Dinechin, Bruno. 1999. Duhamel du Monceau: un Savant Exemplaire au Siècle des Lumières. Luxembourg: CME.
Dupré, Sven, and Christoph Lüthy. 2011. Introduction: Silent messengers. The world of goods and the circulation of knowledge in the early modern Netherlands. In Silent messengers: The circulation of material objects of knowledge in the early modern low countries, ed. Sven Dupré and Christoph Lüthy, 1–12. Berlin-Münster: Lit Verlag.
Evelyn, John. 1664. Sylva: Or a discourse of forest trees…. London: printed by J. Martyn and J. Allestry.
Ewan, Joseph. 1959. Fougeroux de bondaroy (1732–1789) and his projected revision of Duhamel du Monceau’s Traité (1755) on trees and shrubs. An analytical guide to persons, gardens, and works mentioned in the manuscripts. American Philosophical Society Proceedings 103: 807–818.
Falk, Tilman. 2004. Formschneider. In Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte, vol. 10, ed. Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeshcihcte, 190–224. Munich: Beck.
Ferri, Sara. 1997. Il ‘Dioscoride’, I ‘Discorsi’, I ‘Commentarii:’ gli Amici e i Nemici. In Pietro Andrea Mattioli. Siena 1501 – Trento 1578: la vita le opere, ed. Sara Ferri, 15–48. Perugia: Quattroemme.
Field, Richard S. 2005. Early woodcuts: The known and the unknown. In Origins of European printmaking: Fifteenth century woodcuts and their public, ed. Peter Parshall et al. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Findlen, Paula. 1994. Possessing nature: Museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Findlen, Paula. 1999. The formation of a scientific community: Natural history in sixteenth-century Italy. In Natural particulars: Nature and the disciplines in Renaissance Europe, ed. Anthony Grafton and Nancy Siraisi, 369–400. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Froidour, Louis de. 1683. Ordonnance des eaux et forêts concernant les fonctions et devoirs des gardes et Traité pour server d’instruction aux gardes des eaux et forêts de la grandemaîtrise de Toulouse. Toulouse: impr. De J. Pech.
Gerard, John. 1633. The Herball, or, Generall Historie of Plants … very much Enlarged and Amended by Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Apothecarye of London. London: printed by Adam Islip, Joice Norton, and Richard Whitakers.
Gibson, James J. 1979. The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Golinski, Jan. 1990. The theory of practice and the practice of theory: Sociological approaches in the history of science. Isis 81: 305–492.
Grendler, Paul F. 1977. The Roman Inquisition and the Venetian press, 1540–1605. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Griffiths, Antony. 1996. Prints and printmaking. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Grotefend, Hermann. 1881. Christian Egenolff der erste ständige Buchdrucker zu Frankfurt a. M. und seine Vorläufer. Frankfurt a. M: K. Th. Völcker’s Verlag.
Hamel, Jürgen. 2014. Studien zur “Sphaera” des Johannes de Sacrobosco. Acta Historica Astronomiae 51. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsanstalt.
Hartlib, Samuel. 1651. Samuel Hartlib his Legacie: Or an enlargement of the discourse of husbandry used in Brabant and Flanders…. London: printed by H. Hills for Richard Wodenothe.
Hartman, Claude. 2001. Duhamel du Monceau et les Sciences du Vegital: “Apports et Impacts.”. In Duhamel du Monceau 1700–2000: un Européen du Siècle des Lumières, ed. Andrée Corvol, 55–76. Orléans: Académied’Orléans.
Hatton, Richard. 1909. The craftsman’s plant book…. London: Chapman and Hall.
Hedges, Blair. 2006. A method for dating early books and prints using image analysis. Proceedings: Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences 462 (2076): 3555–3573.
Heller, Joseph. 1823. Geschichte der Holzschneidekunst von den Ältesten bis auf die Neuesten Zeiten…. Bamberg: im Verlage bei Carl Friedrich Kunz.
Helm, Johannes. 1966. Theophilus Kentmann (1552–1610): sein Leben und Werk, vor allem seine bisher unbekannten botanischen Schriften. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 42: 1–112.
Helm, Johannes. 1971. Johannes Kentmann, 1518–1574: ein Sächsischer Arzt und Naturforscher. Wiesbaden: Steiner.
Herbarum, Arborum, Fruticum, Frumentorum ac Leguminum … Imagines: ad Vivum Recens Depictae. 1552. Frankfurt am Main.: Egenolphus.
Herbarium Imagines Vivae: der Kreuter Lebliche Contrafaytung. 1972. West Germany: Editions Medicina Rara.
Herrlinger, Robert. 1970. History of medical illustration from Antiquity to a.d. 1600. London: Pitman medical and scientific publishing co.
Hind, Arthur M. 1963. An introduction to a history of woodcut with a detailed survey of work done in the fifteenth century, vol. 2. New York: Dover.
Gelehrter Männer Briefe an die Könige in Dännemark, vom 1522–1587. 1758–59, ed. Andreas Schumacher, Kopenhagen/Leipzig: bey Friedrich Christian Pelt.
Irblich, Eva. 1996. Natur studien Erzherzog Ferdinand II: zur Kunstkammer auf Schloß Ambras bei Innsbruck. In Thesaurus Austriacus: Europas Glanz im Spiegel der Buchkunst, Handschriften und Kunstalben von 800 bis 1600, ed. Irblich Eva, 209–225. Vienna: Das Nationalbibliothek.
Jäcker, Carsten. 2002. Christian Egenolff: Leben und Wirken eines Frankfurter Meisters des frühen Buchdrucks aus Hadamar. In Christian Egenolff, 1502–1555: ein Frankfurter Meister des frühen Buchdrucks aus Hadamar, ed. Kulturvereinigung Hadamar, 25–46. Limburg: Glaukos.
Journal Économique ou Mémoires, Notes et Avis sur l’Agriculture, les Arts, le Commerce, et Tout ce qui peut Avoir Rapport à la Santé, Ainsi Qu’à la Conversation & à l’Augmentation des Biens des Familles. 1752. Paris: chez Antoine Boudet.
Kemp, Martin. 1990. Taking it on trust: Form and meaning in naturalistic representation. Archives of Natural History 17: 127–188.
Kentmann, Thomas. 2004. In Das Kräuterbuch des Johannes Kentmann von 1563, ed. Thomas Bürger. Munich: Prestel.
Koerner, Joseph Leo. 1993. The moment of self-portraiture in German Renaissance art. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kopytoff, Igor. 1986. The cultural biography of things: Commoditization as process. In The social life of things: Commodities in cultural perspective, ed. Arjun Appadurai, 64–91. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Körner, Hans. 1979. Der früheste deutsche Einblattholzschnitt. Mittenwald: Mäander Kunstverlag.
Kristeller, Paul. 1922. Kupferstich und Holzschnitt in Vier Jahrhunderten. Berlin: Verlag von Bruno Cassirer.
Kusukawa, Sachiko. 1997. Leonhart Fuchs on the importance of pictures. Journal of the History of Ideas 58: 403–427.
Kusukawa, Sachiko. 2006. The uses of pictures in the formation of learned knowledge: The case of Leonhrad Fuchs and Andreas Vesalius. In Transmitting knowledge: Words, images, and instruments in early modern Europe, ed. Sachiko Kusukawa and Ian Maclean, 73–96. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kusukawa, Sachiko. 2012. Picturing the book of nature: Image, text, and argument in sixteenth-century human anatomy and medical botany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lambert, Susan. 2001. Prints: Art and techniques. London: V and A Publications.
Latour, Bruno. 1990. Drawing things together. In Representations in scientific practice, ed. Lynch Michael and Woolgar Steve, 19–68. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Le Peintre-Graveur. 1860–64, ed. J.D. Passavant, 6 vols. Leipzig: Rudolph Weigel.
Licoppe, Christian (ed.). 1996. La formation de la pratique scientifique” le Siscours de l’expérience en France et en Angleterre (1630–1820). Paris: Ed. La Découverte.
Lobel, Matthias de. 1581. Plantarum seu stirpium icones. Antwerp: ex officina Christophori Plantini.
López Terrada, María Luz. 2011. Flora and the Hapsburg crown: Clusius, Spain, and American natural history. In Silent messengers: The circulation of material objects of knowledge in the early modern low countries, ed. Sven Dupré and Christoph Lüthy, 43–68. Berlin-Münster: Lit Verlag.
Louis, Armand. 1950. La Vie et l’Oeuvre Botanique de Rembert Dodoens (1517–1585). Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique 82: 271–292.
Lynch, Michael. 1985. Discipline and the material form of images: An analysis of scientific visibility. Social Studies of Science 15: 37–66.
Malkin, Irad. 2011. A small greek world: Networks in the ancient mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Martin, John. 1993. Venice’s hidden enemies: Italian heretics in a Renaissance city. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mattioli, P.A. 1560. I Discorsi di M. Pietro Matthioli Senese…. Venice: appresso Vincenzo Valgrisi.
Mattioli, P.A. 1561. Epistolarum sedicinalium libri quinque. Prague: in officinal Georgij Melantrichij ab Auentino, ad instantium Vincentij Valgrisij.
Mattioli, P.A. 1562. Herbář: ginak Bylinář…. Prague: Melantrycha z Awentynu.
Mattioli, P.A. 1563. New Kreuterbuch. Trans. Georg Handsch. Prague: G Melantrich and Venice: V. Valgri.
Mattioli, P.A. 1565. Commentarii in sex libros Pedacci Dioscoridis…. Venice: ex officina Valgrisianna.
Mattioli, P.A. 1906. In Lettere di P.A. Mattioli ad Ulisse Aldrovandi, Estratto dal Bulletino Senese di Storia Patria, anno XIII fasc. I–II, ed. Raimondi Carlo. Siena: Tip. e Lit. Sordomuti di L. Lazzeri.
Meerbeck, P.J. van. 1841. Recherches historiques et critiques sur la vie et les ouvrages de Rembert Dodoens (Dodonaeus), reprint 1980. Utrecht: Hes Publihers.
Milanesi, Claudio. 2002. Arte & alchimia nei discorsi di P.A. Mattioli. Siena: Terre de Sienne.
Moehsen, J.C.W. 1783. Leben Leonhard Thurneissers zum Thurn, reprint 1976. Munich: Werner Fritsch.
Morgan, Mary S. 2011. Travelling facts. In How well do facts travel? The dissemination of reliable knowledge, ed. Peter Howlett and Mary S. Morgan, 3–39. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Morys, Peter. 1982. Medizin und Pharmazie in der Kosmologie Leonhard Thurneissers zum Thurn (1531–1596). Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwisenschaften, vol. 43. Husum: Matthiessen Verlag.
Needham, Paul. 2009. Prints in the early printing shops. In The woodcut in fifteenth-century Europe, ed. Parshall Peter, 39–91. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art.
Neues allgemeines Künstler-Lexicon. 1835–52, ed. G.K. Nagler, 22 vols. Munich: Verlag von E.A. Fleischmann.
Nickelsen, Kärin. 2006. Draughtsmen, botanists, and nature: The Construction of 18 th c. Botanical illustrations. Dordrecht: Springer.
Nissen, Claus. 1966. Die Botanische Buchillustration: ihre Geschichte und Bibliographie, vol. 3. Stuttgart: Hiersemann.
Nutton, Vivian. 2001. Mattioli and the art of the commentary. Gli atti dell’Accademia delle Scienze di Siena detta de’ Fisiocritici 20 (suppl.): 133–45.
Ogilvie, Brian W. 2006. The science of Describing: Natural history in Renaissance Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Palmer, Richard. 1985. Medical botany in Northern Italy in the Renaissance. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 78: 149–157.
Panckow, Thomas. 1656. Herbarium portatile: oder, Behendes Kräuter- und Gewächs-Buch…. Leipzig: in Verlegung Christian Kirchners.
Panckow, Thomas. 1663. Alter/Neuer und Römischer Historien-Haus-Kräuter und Schreib-Calender deß nach Christi Geburt 1663 Jahrs …, Dritter Anhang. Von etlicher Kräuter/nützlicher Wirckunge…. Berlin: in Verlegung Rupertus Volckern.
Parsons, Christopher M., and Kathleen S. Murphy. 2012. Ecosystems under sail: Specimen transport in the eighteenth-century French and British Atlantics. Early American Studies 10: 503–539.
Paulli, Simon. 1639. Quadripartitum de simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus: ad artis medicae pharmaceutics studioso. Rostoch: ex Bibliopolio Hallervordiano.
Pena, Pierre, and Matthias de Lobel. 1570. Stirpium adversaria nova…. London: T. Purfoetij.
Pena, Pierre, and Matthias de Lobel. 1576. Stirpium adversaria nova. Antwerp: apud C. Plantinum architypographum regium.
Pena, Pierre and Matthias de Lobel. 1605. Dilucidae simplicium medicamentorum explicationes et stirpium adversaria, appended to de Lobel, In G. Rondelletii methodicam pharmaceuticam officinam animadversiones…. London: excudebat praelum Thomae Purfootij.
Pfaffenberger, Bryan. 1992. Technological dramas. Science, Technology and Human Values 17: 282–312.
Pickering, Andrew. 1995. The mangle of practice: Time, agency, and science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Quaritch, Bernard (Firm). c. 1988. The Mattioli woodblocks. London: Bernard Quaritch Ltd.
Quinby, Jane. 1958. Catalogue of botanical books in the collection of Rachel McMasters Miller Hunt. Pittsburgh: The Hunt Botanical Library.
Reeds, Karen Meier. 1976. Renaissance humanism and botany. Annals of Science 33: 519–542.
Regouby, Lynnette. 2014. The sensitive plant: Refiguring the boundaries of botanical bodies in eighteenth century France. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Rosand, David. 2002. Drawing acts: Studies in graphic expression and representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Savage, S. 1921. A little-known Bohemian herbal. The Library s4–II(2): 117–131.
Schmidt, Peter. 2005. The multiple image: The beginnings of print making, between old theories and new approaches. In Origins of European printmaking, ed. Peter Parshall et al., 37–56. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Schröder, Johann. 1644. Pharmacopoeia Medico-Chymica…. Ulm: sumptibus Johannis Gerlini.
Schütz, Jean Philippe. 2001. Le Role de Duhamel du Monceau dans la sylviculture Europeenne. In Duhamel du Monceau 1700–2000: un Européen du siècle des Lumières, ed. Andrée Corvol, 77–83. Orléans: Académie d’Orléans.
Sennett, Richard. 2008. The craftsman. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Shapin, Steven. 1989. The invisible technician. American Scientist 77 (6): 554–563.
Shenk, Joshua Wolf. 2014. Powers of two: Finding the essence of innovation in creative Pairs. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Shotwell, Allen. 2011. New perspectives on Renaissance images: Surgery and anatomy. Unpublished Paper.
Stürmer, Wolff. 1572. Niedersachssischer Valuation Druck, Allerhand Gober und Kleiner Müntzsorten … Vorzeichnus und Geprege der Groben und Kleinen Müntzsorten. Leipzig: gedruckt und zu finden bei Wolff Stürmer, Formschneider.
Theodorus, Iacobus. 1588–91. Neuw Kreuterbuch, mit Schönen …, Figuren unnd Conterfeyten…. Franckfurt am Mayn: Gedruckt durch Nicolaum Basseum.
Thurneisser, Leonhard. 1578a. Historia und Beschreibung Influentischer/Elementischer und Natürlicher Wirckungen/Aller fremden unnd Heimischen Ergewechsen/auch irer Subtiliteten…. Berlin: Michael Hentzsken.
Thurneisser, Leonhard. 1578b. Historia sive descriptio plantarum omnium…. Berlin: Michael Hentzske.
Tongiorgi Tomasi, Lucia. 1997. Il problema delle immagini nei ‘Commentarii.’ In Pietro Andrea Mattioli Siena 1501 – Trento 1578: la vita le opere, ed. Ferri Sara, 369–376. Ponte San Giovanni: Quattroemme.
Toresella, Sergio. 1993. L’Erbario Inedito di P.A. Mattioli. In Congresso Nazionale dell’Accademia Italiana di Storia della Farmacia: Siena, 9–11 novembre 1990. 287–305. N. P. N.P.
Treviranus, Ludwig. 1949. Die Anwendung der Holzschnitten zur bildlichen Darstellung von Pflanzen. Utrecht: De Haan.
Ullmann, Manfred, and Rainer Degen. 2009. Untersuchungen zur Arabischen Überlieferung der Materia Medica des Dioskurides. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Valeriani, Simona. 2011. Facts and building artifacts: What travels in material objects? In How well do facts travel? The dissemination of reliable knowledge, ed. Peter Howlett and Mary S. Morgan, 43–71. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vitae Thomae Pancovii D. et Aulae Friderici Wilhelmi Electoris Brandenb. Medici, Apospasma. 1725. In Decad. IIdae actorum medicorum Berolinensium, in incrementum collectorum et digestorum in volumen V, ed. Johann Daniel Gohl. Berlin: apud Godofredum Gedickium. Bibliopol.
Watts, Duncan J. 2003. Six degrees: The science of a connected age. New York: Norton.
Watts, Duncan J., and S.H. Strogatz. 1998. Collective dynamics of ‘small world’ networks. Nature 393: 440–442.
Zorn, Bartholomaeus. 1673. Herbarium, oder Kräuter- und Gewächsbuch … mit Sonderlichen Experimentis und Observationibus der Bewehrtesten Scribenten…. Cölln an der Spreee: Druckts Georg Schultze.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moran, B.T. (2017). Preserving the Cutting Edge: Traveling Woodblocks, Material Networks, and Visualizing Plants in Early Modern Europe. In: Valleriani, M. (eds) The Structures of Practical Knowledge. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45671-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45671-3_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45670-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45671-3
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)