Abstract
This chapter focused on how the perceptions of prospective entrepreneurial action, by intending, nascent, or practicing entrepreneurs, might differ from those of non-entrepreneurs. The perceptions considered were those concerning the risks and rewards of entrepreneurial actions. The rewards are the monetary and psychic gains of entrepreneurship, while risk refers to the probability of loss of time and money invested as well as the psychic costs of economic loss and entrepreneurial failure. A series of “lenses” were proposed that either increase or decrease the clarity of the perceived desirability and the perceived feasibility of becoming an entrepreneur. According to the theory of planned behavior, the formation of entrepreneurial intentions is followed, with a lag that varies with the individual, by entrepreneurial behavior. In the following “afterthoughts” the impact of the lenses on the time lag between intentions and behavior is examined.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ajzen I (1991) The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 50(2):179–211
Bagozzi RP, Warshaw P (1990) Trying to consume. J Consum Res 17:127–140
Bagozzi RP, Dholakia U, Basuroy S (2003) How effortful decisions get enacted: the motivating role of decision processes, desires, and anticipated emotions. J Behav Decis Mak 16:273–295
Boyd NG, Vozikis GS (1994) The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrep Theory Pract 18:63
Brockner J, Higgins ET, Low MB (2004) Regulatory focus theory and the entrepreneurial process. J Bus Ventur 19(2):203–220
Busenitz LW, Barney JB (1997) Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. J Bus Ventur 12(1):9–30
Carsrud A, Brännback M (2011) Entrepreneurial motivations: what do we still need to know? J Small Bus Manag 49(1):9–26
Cassar G (2014) Industry and startup experience on entrepreneur forecast performance in new firms. J Bus Ventur 29(1):137–151
Choi YR, Shepherd DA (2004) Entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities. J Manag 30(3):377–395
Christensen CM (2006) The ongoing process of building a theory of disruption. J Prod Innov Manag 23(1):39–55
Deci EL, Ryan RM (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer, New York
Douglas EJ (2013) Reconstructing entrepreneurial intentions to identify predisposition for growth. J Bus Ventur 28(5):633–651
Douglas EJ, Shepherd DA (2000) Entrepreneurship as a utility maximizing response. J Bus Ventur 15(3):231–251
Douglas EJ, Shepherd DA (2002) Exploring investor readiness: assessments by entrepreneurs and investors in Australia. Ventur Cap 4(3):219–236
Fitzsimmons JR, Douglas EJ (2011) Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. J Bus Ventur 26(4):431–440
Forbes DP (2005) Are some entrepreneurs more overconfident than others? J Bus Ventur 20(5):623–640
Gielnik MM, Barabas S, Frese M, Namatovu-Dawa R, Scholz FA, Metzger JR, Walter T (2014) A temporal analysis of how entrepreneurial goal intentions, positive fantasies, and action planning affect starting a new venture and when the effects wear off. J Bus Ventur 29(6):755–772
Gollwitzer P, Brandstatter V (1997) Implementation intentions and effective goal pursuit. J Pers Soc Psychol 73:186–199
Kirzner IM (2009) The alert and creative entrepreneur: a clarification. Small Bus Econ 32(2):145–152
Krueger NF, Reilly MD, Carsrud AL (2000) Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. J Bus Ventur 15(5):411–432
Reynolds PD, Carter NM, Gartner WB, Greene PG (2004) The prevalence of nascent entrepreneurs in the United States: evidence from the panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics. Small Business Econ 23(4):263–284
Shapero A (1982) Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In: Kent C, Sexton D, Vesper K (eds) The encyclopedia of entrepreneurship. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 72–90
Shepherd DA, Douglas EJ, Shanley M (2000) New venture survival: ignorance, external shocks, and risk reduction strategies. J Bus Ventur 15(5):393–410
Tang J, Kacmar KMM, Busenitz L (2012) Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. J Bus Ventur 27(1):77–94
Van Gelderen M, Kautonen T, Fink M (2015) From entrepreneurial intentions to actions: self-control and action-related doubt, fear, and aversion. J Bus Ventur 30(5):655–673. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.01.003
Vroom V (1964) Expectancy theory. Wiley, New York
Zhao H, Seibert SE, Hills GE (2005) The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. J Appl Psychol 90(6):1265
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Douglas, E. (2017). Perceptions Revisited: Continuing to Look at the World Through Entrepreneurial Lenses. In: Brännback, M., Carsrud, A. (eds) Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Mind. International Studies in Entrepreneurship, vol 35. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45544-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45544-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45543-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45544-0
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)