Abstract
Poverty can be seen as a multidimensional phenomenon. A one-dimensional measure of poverty serving as a ranking index can be obtained by aggregating the different poverty aspects into a single scalar. Ranking indexes are thought of as supporting political decisions. We propose an alternative view based on simple concepts of partial order theory and illustrate the pros and cons of this approach taking as case study a multidimensional measure of poverty comprising three components—absolute poverty, relative poverty, and income—computed for the European Union regions. The analysis enables to highlight conflicts across the poverty components with some regions detected as controversial, with for example low levels of relative poverty and high levels of monetary poverty.
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References
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Appendix
Appendix
Starting multi-indicator system matrix (scores are oriented in order to have: the higher the score, the lower the level of poverty)
Country | Region code | Region name | Absolute poverty index | Relative poverty index | Earnings and income index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AT | AT1 | Ostösterreich | 5.4 | 5.7 | 6.0 |
AT | AT2 | Südösterreich | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.6 |
AT | AT3 | Westösterreich | 5.8 | 6.4 | 5.8 |
BE | BE1 | Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest | 4.6 | 2.1 | 5.9 |
BE | BE2 | Vlaams Gewest | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.0 |
BE | BE3 | Région Wallonne | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.4 |
BG | BG3 | Severna i Iztochna Bulgaria | 1.6 | 3.5 | 2.8 |
BG | BG4 | Yugozapadna i Yuzhna Centralna Bulgaria | 2.7 | 5.0 | 3.2 |
CY | CY0 | Kύπρoς/Kypros | 4.5 | 6.1 | 5.6 |
CZ | CZ01 | Praha | 5.5 | 6.4 | 5.7 |
CZ | CZ02 | Střední Čechy | 5.5 | 6.2 | 4.2 |
CZ | CZ03 | Jihozápad | 5.5 | 6.3 | 4.1 |
CZ | CZ04 | Severozápad | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.8 |
CZ | CZ05 | Severovýchod | 5.2 | 5.9 | 4.0 |
CZ | CZ06 | Jihovýchod | 5.5 | 5.8 | 4.1 |
CZ | CZ08 | Moravskoslezsko | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
DE | DE | Deutschland | 5.5 | 4.4 | 5.4 |
DK | DK | Danmark | 5.9 | 5.1 | 4.6 |
CZ | CZ07 | Střední Morava | 5.3 | 5.5 | 3.9 |
EE | EE | Eesti | 4.9 | 5.2 | 3.6 |
ES | ES11 | Galicia | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 |
ES | ES12 | Principado de Asturias | 5.5 | 5.9 | 5.4 |
ES | ES13 | Cantabria | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.3 |
ES | ES21 | País Vasco | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.1 |
ES | ES22 | Comunidad Foral de Navarra | 5.8 | 6.5 | 6.0 |
ES | ES23 | La Rioja | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.3 |
ES | ES24 | Aragón | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
ES | ES30 | Comunidad de Madrid | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.8 |
ES | ES41 | Castilla y León | 5.5 | 4.5 | 5.1 |
ES | ES42 | Castilla-La Mancha | 5.4 | 3.8 | 4.7 |
ES | ES43 | Extremadura | 5.3 | 3.2 | 4.5 |
ES | ES51 | Cataluña | 5.5 | 4.9 | 5.5 |
ES | ES52 | Comunidad Valenciana | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.0 |
ES | ES53 | Illes Balears | 5.3 | 4.5 | 5.3 |
ES | ES61 | Andalucía | 5.0 | 3.3 | 4.6 |
ES | ES62 | Región de Murcia | 5.2 | 3.3 | 4.6 |
ES | ES70 | Canarias | 4.6 | 3.6 | 4.7 |
FI | FI13 | Itä-Suomi | 6.0 | 5.4 | 4.6 |
FI | FI18 | Etelä-Suomi | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.2 |
FI | FI19 | Länsi-Suomi | 6.0 | 5.6 | 4.8 |
FI | FI1A | Pohjois-Suomi | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.7 |
FR | FR10 | Île de France | 5.2 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
FR | FR20 | Bassin Parisien | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.3 |
FR | FR30 | Nord - Pas-de-Calais | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.1 |
FR | FR40 | Est | 5.39 | 6.16 | 5.36 |
FR | FR50 | Ouest | 5.56 | 6.43 | 5.25 |
FR | FR60 | Sud-Ouest | 5.35 | 5.59 | 5.35 |
FR | FR70 | Centre-Est | 5.62 | 6.14 | 5.54 |
FR | FR80 | Méditerranée | 4.99 | 4.79 | 5.30 |
GR | GR1 | Voreia Ellada | 4.46 | 2.67 | 4.64 |
GR | GR2 | Kentriki Ellada | 4.42 | 2.99 | 4.54 |
GR | GR3 | Attiki | 4.51 | 4.51 | 5.35 |
GR | GR4 | Nisia Aigaiou, Kriti | 4.11 | 4.38 | 4.82 |
HU | HU1 | Közép-Magyarország | 3.97 | 6.22 | 4.90 |
HU | HU2 | Dunántúl | 4.34 | 6.08 | 3.68 |
HU | HU3 | Alföld És Észak | 3.69 | 5.15 | 3.40 |
IE | IE0 | Ireland | 5.40 | 5.76 | 5.32 |
IT | ITC | Nord-Ovest | 5.04 | 5.68 | 5.72 |
IT | ITD | Nord-Est | 4.95 | 6.07 | 5.61 |
IT | ITE | Centro (I) | 4.82 | 5.52 | 5.48 |
IT | ITF | Sud | 4.04 | 3.15 | 4.49 |
IT | ITG | Isole | 3.73 | 2.97 | 4.54 |
LT | LT0 | Lietuva | 4.20 | 4.86 | 3.76 |
LU | LU0 | Luxembourg (Grand-Duché) | 5.93 | 5.86 | 8.15 |
LV | LV0 | Latvija | 2.99 | 3.93 | 3.34 |
MT | MT0 | Malta | 5.41 | 5.94 | 5.18 |
NL | NL | Nederland | 5.87 | 5.48 | 6.02 |
PL | PL1 | Region Centralny | 3.90 | 5.51 | 4.00 |
PL | PL2 | Region Południowy | 3.99 | 5.34 | 3.59 |
PL | PL3 | Region Wschodni | 3.88 | 4.55 | 3.06 |
PL | PL4 | Region Północno-Zachodni | 3.91 | 5.06 | 3.48 |
PL | PL5 | Region Południowo-Zachodni | 3.70 | 5.23 | 3.53 |
PL | PL6 | Region Północny | 3.68 | 5.17 | 3.40 |
PT | PT | Portugal | 4.32 | 5.19 | 4.25 |
RO | RO11 | Nord-Vest | 2.47 | 3.03 | 2.81 |
RO | RO12 | Centru | 2.67 | 3.31 | 2.79 |
RO | RO21 | Nord-Est | 2.18 | 3.37 | 2.57 |
RO | RO22 | Sud-Est | 2.45 | 1.84 | 2.74 |
RO | RO31 | Sud - Muntenia | 3.35 | 5.05 | 2.78 |
RO | RO32 | Bucureşti - Ilfov | 2.94 | 4.77 | 4.19 |
RO | RO41 | Sud-Vest Oltenia | 3.28 | 3.23 | 2.86 |
RO | RO42 | Vest | 3.33 | 4.36 | 3.01 |
SE | SE1 | Östra Sverige | 5.67 | 5.31 | 5.62 |
SE | SE2 | Södra Sverige | 5.75 | 5.13 | 5.18 |
SE | SE3 | Norra Sverige | 5.79 | 4.91 | 4.99 |
SI | SI | Slovenija | 4.92 | 6.11 | 5.23 |
SK | SK0 | Slovenská Republika | 5.16 | 5.70 | 3.87 |
UK | UK | United Kingdom | 5.56 | 3.83 | 5.47 |
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Annoni, P., Bruggemann, R., Carlsen, L. (2017). Peculiarities in Multidimensional Regional Poverty. In: Fattore, M., Bruggemann, R. (eds) Partial Order Concepts in Applied Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45421-4_8
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