Abstract
This chapter analyses anti-psychiatric magazines that were at once the consequence of post-war deinstitutionalisation and participated in the further diversification of mental health care at a crucial time for US psychiatry. Dunst’s discussion focuses on two closely related but ultimately separate social movements—radical therapy and mental patients’ liberation—and the three publications that functioned as their public organs: The Radical Therapist, later renamed Rough Times and State and Mind (1970–76); Issues in Radical Therapy (1973–86) and Madness Network News (1972–86). Edited by mental health workers and former patients, sent out to thousands of subscribers and sold in countercultural bookstores, these movement periodicals helped spread ideas and stimulated debates between professionals and non-professionals. Most importantly, perhaps, these publications acted as decentralised therapeutic spaces at a time when former patients found themselves housed in welfare hostels and care homes, or even living on the streets, facing economic insecurity and social stigma.
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Notes
- 1.
Cited in D. Wagner (1989) ‘Radical Movements in the Social Services: A Theoretical Framework’, Social Service Review, 63: 2, 273.
- 2.
NAMI is now called the National Alliance on Mental Illness. See section three for a comment on the implications of its name.
- 3.
Anon. (Jan.–Feb. 1971) ‘On Practice’, The Radical Therapist, 1–5, n.p.
- 4.
P. Brown (Fall 1977) ‘Political Psychology’, Issues in Radical Therapy, 20, 24.
- 5.
D. Jaffe (Jan.–Feb. 1971) ‘Number Nine: Creating a Counter-Institution’, The Radical Therapist, 1–5, 10.
- 6.
Ibid., 11.
- 7.
J. Aronson and E. Klauber (Spring 1977) ‘Counter-Hegemony and Radical Psychiatry’, Issues in Radical Therapy, 17, 3.
- 8.
L. Richert (2013) ‘“Therapy Means Change, not Peanut Butter”: American Radical Psychiatry, 1968–1975’, Social History of Medicine, 27:1, 112–13.
- 9.
M. Glenn (Apr.–May 1970) ‘Manifesto’, RT, 1:1, 2.
- 10.
T. Szasz (1974) The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct, rev. edn (New York: Harper & Row).
- 11.
C. Steiner (June–July 1970) ‘Radical Psychiatry – Manifesto’, RT, 1:2, 12.
- 12.
For an overview of underground publications see R. Streitmatter (2001) Voices of Revolution: The Dissident Press in America (New York: Columbia University Press); and for a more detailed study of the 1960s, J. McMillian (2011) Smoking Typewriters: The Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America (New York: Oxford University Press).
- 13.
RT, 1:6 (Feb.–Mar. 1971), 1.
- 14.
C. A. Fairfield (Oct.–Nov. 1970) ‘Letter’, RT, 1:4, 2.
- 15.
The relative obscurity of the two magazines also meant that they escaped concerted efforts by local police and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to harass, infiltrate and undermine the underground press. See Streitmatter, Voices of Revolution and McMillian, Smoking Typewriters for documentation of these frequently illegal activities.
- 16.
The Editors (Apr.–May 1970) ‘How Revolutionary Is a Journal?’, RT, 1:1, n.p.
- 17.
Anon. (Jan.–Feb. 1971) ‘RT in Practice’, RT, 1:1, 17.
- 18.
The Editors (Oct. 1972) ‘Critique’, RT, 2:3, 31.
- 19.
Anon. (June 1972) ‘Editorial’, Rough Times, 2:7, 1.
- 20.
D. English and B. Ehrenreich (Summer 1974) ‘Politics of Sexual Freedom’, IRT, 2:3, 15–17.
- 21.
Anon. (Summer 1976) ‘Movement News’, IRT, 4:3, 29.
- 22.
Steiner and Meighan ‘R. D. Laing: An Interview’, IRT, 6 and 8.
- 23.
P. Parsons (Spring 1984) ‘Radical Therapy Theory Conference’, IRT, 11:2, 30.
- 24.
M. Field (Summer 1977) ‘Left Turn at Echo Park’, IRT, 19, 7.
- 25.
V. Davis (June 1974) ‘Letter to the Editor’, Madness Network News, 2:3, 23.
- 26.
Streitmatter, Voices of Revolution, pp. 223–25 and 243.
- 27.
Anon. (1973), MNN, 1:5, 2.
- 28.
C. Kolotronis (1973) ‘Shock’, Madness Network News, 1:5, 9.
- 29.
B. Harris (Fall 1977) ‘Testimony by Ex-Inmate Activists’, MNN, 4:4, 32.
- 30.
S. Soldz (Feb. 1974) ‘Letter to the Editor’, MNN, 2:2, 21; and S. Hirsch (Feb. 1974) ‘Dialogue’, MNN, 2:2, 22.
- 31.
Szasz, The Myth of Mental Illness, pp. 164 and 175.
- 32.
Crossley gives a brief overview of the evolution of the British Mad Pride movement in N. Crossley (2006) Contesting Psychiatry: Social Movements in Mental Health (New York: Routledge), pp. 205–207.
- 33.
J. Chamberlin (1990) ‘The Ex-Patients’ Movement: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going’, The Journal of Mind and Behavior, special issue 11:3/4, Challenging the Therapeutic State: Critical Perspectives on Psychiatry and the Mental Health System, 333.
- 34.
See back cover of MNN, 4:1 (Oct. 1976).
- 35.
J. Chamberlin (1985) ‘The Ex-Inmates’ Movement Today’, IRT, 11:4, 15.
- 36.
J. Chamberlin (Oct. 1976) ‘Organising? or Disorganising?’, MNN, 3:3, 4.
- 37.
L. Morrison (2005) Talking Back To Psychiatry: The Psychiatric Consumer/Survivor/Ex-Patient Movement (New York: Routledge), p. 72.
- 38.
Anon. (Dec. 1973) ‘Notes from LAMP … about psychiatry and the law’, MNN, 2:1, 8–10.
- 39.
MNN 8:3 (1986), 2; cited in Morrison, Talking Back to Psychiatry, p. 82.
- 40.
Crossley (2006) Contesting Psychiatry, 191.
- 41.
Chamberlin (1985) ‘The Ex-Inmates’ Movement Today’.
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Dunst, A. (2016). ‘All the Fits That’s News to Print’: Deinstitutionalisation and Anti-Psychiatric Movement Magazines in the United States, 1970–1986. In: Kritsotaki, D., Long, V., Smith, M. (eds) Deinstitutionalisation and After. Mental Health in Historical Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45360-6_3
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