Abstract
Whereas advances in modern technology have validated the truism that ours is a small world, there seems little doubt that it has become smaller still as development and access to transportation and communication networks have shrunk the ‘distance’ between human beings all around the globe. And while it may still take a day or so to get half-way around the world physically, news, information, mail, and other types of electronic data now travel with amazing rapidity to all corners of the earth such that it is no exaggeration to describe the connectedness among peoples as representing a true global community. What were once obstacles and limitations in mobility and knowledge have given way to unprecedented opportunities for exploration of and interaction with individuals from countries and cultures quite remote from their own. The natural consequence of bringing people together in one manner or another is an increase in the diversity of populations that heretofore had remained relatively homogenous. Yet with all the positive aspects that diversity brings with it, there are challenges that accompany it as well. Perhaps no other social institution has felt the impact of this change more so than the educational system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AIHW. (2009). Australia’s welfare 2009 (Australia’s welfare No. 9. Cat. No. AUS 117). Canberra: AIHW. Retrieved September 30, 2014, from http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=6442468304.
American Psychological Association. (1990). Guidelines for providers of psychological services to ethnic, linguistic, and culturally diverse populations. Washington, DC: APA.
American Psychological Association. (2002). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
American Psychological Association. (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for Psychologists. American Psychologist, 58, 377–402.
American Psychological Association. (2004). Children’s mental health problems seen as ‘epidemic’. Retrieved from www.apa.org/monitor/dec04/epidemic.aspx
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013a). Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2011. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3238.0.55.001.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013b). Population by age and sex, Regions of Australia. Retrieved from www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3235.0#PARALINKO.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013c). Reflecting a nation: Stories from the 2011 census, 2012–2013. Retrieved from www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013.
Australian Childhood Foundation. (2010). Making space for learning: Trauma informed practice in schools. Retrieved from http://www.childhood.org.au/-/media/Files/Fundraising%20files/Fundraising%20resource%20files/Making%20space%20for%20learning%20ACF.ashx.
Australian Government. (2013). A snapshot of early childhood development in Australia 2012—AEDI National Report. Canberra: Australia Government.
Australian Indigenous Psychologists Association. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.indigenouspsychology.com.au/page/2973/background-history.
Australian Infant, Child, Adolescent and Family Mental Health Association. (2011). Improving the mental health of infants, children and adolescents in Australia. Retrieved from http://siblingsaustralia.org.au/assets/submissions/aicafmha_pos_paper_final.pdf.
Australian Psychological Society. (2003). Guidelines for the provision of psychological services for, and the conduct of psychological research with, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of Australia. Melbourne: APS.
Australian Psychological Society. (2007). Code of ethics. Melbourne: APS.
Australian Psychological Society. (2009). Guidelines for psychological assessment and the use of psychological tests. Melbourne: APS.
Australian Psychological Society. (2012). Reconciliation action plan. Melbourne: APS.
Australian Psychology Society. (2013). APS interest groups: Refugee issues and psychology. Retrieved November 2014, from www.groups.psychology.org.au/attsip.
Baruth, L. G., & Manning, M. L. (2012). Multicultural counselling and psychotherapy: A lifespan approach. Boston, MA: Pearson.
Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 697–712. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013.
Berry, J. W. (2010). Immigrant acculturation. In A. E. Azzi, X. Chryssochoou, B. Klandermans, & B. Simon (Eds.), Identity and participation in culturally diverse societies. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Bishop, B. J., Vicary, D. A., Mitchell, J. R., & Pearson, G. (2012). Aboriginal concepts of place and Country and their meaning in mental health. The Australian Community Psychologist, 24, 26–42.
Blatchley, L. A., & Lau, M. Y. (2010). Culturally competent assessment of English language learners for special education services. Retrieved from http://www.nasponline.org/publications/cq/pdf/V38N7_CulturallyCompetent Assessment.pdf.
Bretherton, D., & Mellor, D. (2006). Reconciliation between Aboriginal and other Australians: The “Stolen Generations”. Journal of Social Issues, 62, 81–98. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00440.x.
Brown, H. D. (1987). Principles of language learning and teaching. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Brown, J., Miller, J., & Mitchell, J. (2006). Interrupted schooling and the acquisition of literacy: Experiences of Sudanese refugees in Victorian secondary schools. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 29(2), 150.
Canada, M., Allen, M., Money, K., Annandale, N., Fisher, L., & Young, E. L. (2007). Crisis intervention for students of diverse backgrounds: School counselors’ concerns. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 7, 12–24.
Clay, R. A. (2010, September). How do I become culturally competent? grad PSYCH Magazine (p. 24). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Clinton, A. B. (2014). Afterword. In A. B. Clinton (Ed.), Assessing bilingual children in context: An integrated approach (pp. 307–309). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Clinton, A. B., Ortiz, W. R., & Guilar, K. L. S. (2014). Implications of semilingualism for the assessment of the bilingual child. In A. B. Clinton (Ed.), Assessing bilingual children in context: An integrated approach (pp. 81–106). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Collier, C. (1998, February). Acculturation: Implications for assessment, instruction, and intervention. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Association for Bilingual Education, Dallas, TX.
Cross, T., Bazron, B., Dennis, K., & Isaacs, M. (1989). Towards a culturally competent system of care (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: CASSP Technical Assistance Center, Center for Child Health and Mental.
Curtis, M. J., Grier, J. E. C., & Hunley, S. A. (2004). The changing face of school psychology: Trends in data and projections for the future. School Psychology Review, 33, 49–66. Retrieved August 18, 2014, from http://www.nasponline.org/publications/spr/pdf/spr331curtis.pdf.
Curtis, M. J., Lopez, A. D., Castillo, J. M., Batsche, G. M., Minch, D., & Dana, R. H. (2005). Multicultural assessment: Principles, applications, and examples. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
David, R., & Rhee, M. (1998). The impact of language as a barrier to effective health care in an underserved urban Hispanic community. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 65(5/6), 393–397.
Department of Immigration and Citizenship. (2010). Fact sheet 2—Key facts in immigration. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Citizenship.
Dudgeon, P., Rickwood, D., Garvey, D., & Gridley, H. (2014). A history of indigenous psychology. In P. Dudgeon, H. Milroy, & R. Walker (Eds.), Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice (2nd ed., pp. 39–54). ACT, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australian Government.
Ecklund, K., & Johnson, W. B. (2007). Toward cultural competence in child intake assessments. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(4), 356–362.
Executive Committee of the High Commissioner’s Programme. (2012). Progress report on resettlement. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/5006a6aa9.pdf.
Foundation House. (2011). School’s in for refugees: A whole-school approach to supporting students of refugee background (2nd ed.). Brunswick, VIC, Australia: Foundation House. Retrieved from www.foundationhouse.org.au/publications.php.
Garvey, D. (2008). A review of the social and emotional wellbeing of indigenous Australian peoples. Australian Indigenous HealthInfonet, 8(4).
Gee, G., Dudgeon, P., Schultz, C., Hart, A., & Kelly, K. (2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing. In P. Dudgeon, H. Milroy, & R. Walker (Eds.), Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice (2nd ed., pp. 55–68). Canberra: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australian Government.
Geva, E., & Weiner, J. (2015). Psychological assessment of culturally and linguistically diverse children and adolescents: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Springer.
Green, B. (2003). What difference does a difference make? Societal privilege, disadvantage, and discord in human relationships. In J. D. Robinson & L. C. James (Eds.), Diversity in human interactions (pp. 3–20). New York: Oxford University Press.
Gridley, H., Davidson, G., Dudgeon, P., Pickett, H., & Sanson, A. (2000). The Australian Psychological Society and Australia’s Indigenous people: A decade of inaction. Australian Psychologist, 35(2), 82–87.
Grote, E. (2010). Developing an engagement model of cultural competency at the University level: A review of the literature. In National Best Practice Framework for Indigenous Cultural Competency in Universities Australia. file:///C:/Users/203229/Downloads/National%20Best%20Practice%20Framework%20for%20Indigenous%20Cultural%20Competency%20in%20Australian%20Universities.pdf.
Haboush, K. L. (2007). Working with Arab American families: Culturally competent practice for school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 44(2), 183–198. doi:10.1002/pits.20215.
Halsell Miranda, A. (2014). Best practices in increasing cross-cultural competency. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (Vol. VI, pp. 9–20). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Harrison, P. L. (2010, May). Multicultural Competence of School Psychologists. NASP Communique, 38, 7.
Henderson, G., Robson, C., Cox, L., Dukes, C., Tsey, K., & Haswell, M. (2007). Social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people within the broader context of the social determinants of health. Auseinetter, 2(29), 14–19.
Henley, J., & Robinson, J. (2011). Mental health issues among refugee children and adolescents. Clinical Psychologist, 15, 51–62. doi:10.1111/j.17429552.2011.00024.x.
Honigmann, J. J. (1963). Understanding culture. New York: Harper & Row.
Jones, J. M. (2009). The psychology of multiculturalism in the schools: A primer for practice, training, and research. Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Juarez, B., & Ortiz, S. O. (2011, February). The outcome scale for cultural competency (OSCC) in school psychology. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, San Francisco, CA.
Kaplan, I. (2009). Effects of trauma and the refugee experience on psychological assessment processes and interpretation. Australian Psychologist, 44(1), 6–15.
Kemple, A. E., Allen, M., Hansen, K., Annandale, N. O., Fishers, L., Young, E. L., et al. (2006). Cultural sensitivity in school-based crisis intervention. Communiqué, 34(7), 34–37.
Lee, L. J., Batal, H. A., Masselli, J. H., & Kutner, J. S. (2002). Effect of Spanish interpretation method on Spanish satisfaction in an urban walk-in clinic. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 17, 641–646.
Lee, K. A., Cosby, B. C., & deBaca, C. D. (2007). Cultural responsiveness. Indiana Civil Rights Commission Education Steering Committee. Retrieved from http://www.in.gov/icrc/files/FINALCulturalResponsivenessApril24thCRPresentation.pdf.
Lee, A., & Khawaja, N. G. (2012). Multicultural training experiences as a predictor of psychology students’ cultural competence. Australian Psychologist, 48(3), 209–216.
Martines, D. (2008). Introduction to multicultural school competencies. In Multicultural school psychology competencies: A practical guide (pp. 3–31). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Merrill, K. M., Ervin, R. A., & Gimpel, G. (2006). School psychology for the 21st century: Foundations and practices. New York: Guildford Press.
Miller, K. E., Martell, Z. L., Pazdirek, L., Caruth, M., & Lopez, D. (2005). The role of interpreters in psychotherapy with refugees: An exploratory study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 27–39.
Murray, K. E., Davidson, G. R., & Schweitzer, R. D. (2008). Psychological wellbeing of refugees resettling in Australia: A literature review prepared for the Australian Psychological Society. Melbourne: Australian Psychological Society.
National Association of School Psychologists. (2010). Model for comprehensive and integrated school psychological services. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.
National Association of School Psychologists. (2012). Racism, prejudice, and discrimination [Position Statement]. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.
National Centre for Cultural Competence (NCCC). (2006). Conceptual frameworks/models, guiding values and principles. Washington DC: Georgetown University Child Development Centre.
National Health and Medical Research Council. (2005). Cultural competency in health: A guide for policy, partnerships and participation. Retrieved from https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/hp19.pdf.
National Practice Standards for the Mental Health Workforce. (2013). Melbourne: Australian Government. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/5D7909E82304E6D2CA257C430004E877/$File/wkstd13.pdf.
New Zealand Psychological Society & New Zealand Psychologists Board. (2011). Cultural competencies. Wellington: New Zealand Psychologist Board.
Ochoa, S. H., Riccio, C. A., Jimenez, S., Garcia de Alba, R., & Sines, M. (2004). Psychological assessment of limited English proficient and/or bilingual students: An investigation of school psychologists’ current practices. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 22, 93–105.
Ortiz, S. O. (2014). Best practices in nondiscriminatory assessment. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (Vol. VI, pp. 61–74). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Ortiz, S. O., Flanagan, D. P., & Dynda, A. M. (2008). Best practices in working with culturally and linguistically diverse children and families. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (Vol. V, pp. 1721–1738). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Pedersen, P. B. (2002). Chapter 2: The making of a culturally competent counselor. In W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, & D. N. Sattler (Eds.), Online readings in psychology and culture (Unit 10). Bellingham, WA: Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University.
Pelling, N., Bear, P., & Lau, M. (2006). A survey of advertised Australian counsellors. International Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 204–215.
Petty, S. (2010) The new frontier: An integrated framework for equity and transformative improvement in education. California Tomorrow.
Poppitt, G., & Frey, R. (2007). Sudanese adolescent refugees: Acculturation and acculturative stress. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 17(2), 160–181.
Psychology Board of Australia. (2010). Guidelines on area of practice endorsements. Melbourne: Psychology Board of Australia.
Psychology Board of Australia. (2012). Provisional registration standard. Melbourne: Psychology Board of Australia.
Psychology Board of Australia. (2016). Registrant data, reporting period: March 2016. Retrieved from http://www.psychologyboard.gov.au/documents/default.aspx?record=WD16%2f20857&dbid=AP&chksum=4qEhfTB9RU1O2LOrNK%2bNwQ%3d%3d
Purdie, N., Dudgeon, P., & Walker, R. (Eds.). (2010). Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. Canberra: Office of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, Department of Ageing.
Refugee Council of Australia. (2013). Historical statistics on Australia’s Refugee and Humanitarian program. Retrieved from http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/r/stat/-hist.php.
Rhodes, R. L., Ochoa, S. H., & Ortiz, S. O. (2005). Assessing culturally and linguistically diverse students: A practical guide. New York: Guildford.
Rivera, L. M. (2008). Acculturation and multicultural assessment: Issues, trends, and practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/622058276?accountid=14771.
Romero, P. A., & Branscome, J. (2014). Acculturation and sociocognitive factors. In A. B. Clinton (Ed.), Assessing bilingual children in context: An integrated approach (pp. 191–214). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Schon, J., Shaftel, J., & Markham, P. (2008). Contemporary issues in the assessment of culturally and linguistically diverse learners. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 24(2), 163–189.
Searight, H. R., & Searight, B. K. (2009). Working with foreign language interpreters: Recommendations for psychological practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 444–451.
Seymour, K. L. (2014). An integrated approach to the assessment of the refugee student. In A. B. Clinton (Ed.), Assessing bilingual children in context: An integrated approach (pp. 265–305). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Sheridan, S. M., Clarke, B. L., & Christenson, S. L. (2014). Best practices in promoting family engagement in education. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (Vol. VI, pp. 439–454). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Social Health Reference Group (SHRG). (2004). National strategic framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ mental health and social and emotional well being 2004–2009. Canberra: Australian Department of Health and Ageing.
Thomson, N. (2005). Cultural respect and related concepts: A brief summary of the literature. Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin, 5(4), 1–11.
Tribe, R., & Morrissey, J. (2004). Good practice issues in working with interpreters in mental health. Intervention, 2(2), 129–142. Retrieved from http://www.interventionjournal.com/downloads/22pdf//129_142%20Tribe.pdf.
U.S. Department of Education. (2006). Twenty-sixth annual report to Congress on the Implementation of the individuals with disabilities education act. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
United Nations. (2010). Population facts. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/popfacts/popfacts_2010-6.pdf.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (1994). Refugee children: Guide-lines on protection and care. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/violencestudy/pdf/refugee_children_guidelines_on_protection_and_care.pdf.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2008). 2007 global trends: Refugees, asylum-seekers, returnees, internally displaced and stateless persons. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/4852366f2.html.
Universities Australia. (2011). National best practice framework for indigenous cultural competency in Australian universities. Canberra: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR). Retrieved from http://www.universitesaustralia.edu.au/lightbox/1312.
Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency. (2008). Aboriginal cultural competence framework. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: Victorian Government Department of Human Services.
Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture. (2004). School’s in for refugees: Whole-school guide to refugee readiness. Brunswick, VIC, Australia: VFST.
Victorian Transcultural Psychiatry Unit. (2006). Guidelines for working with interpreters in mental health settings. VIC, Australia. Retrieved from http://www.imiaweb.org/uploads/pages/812_2.pdf.
Walker, R., Schultz, C., & Sonn, C. (2014). Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. In P. Dudgeon, H. Milroy, & R. Walker (Eds.), Cultural competence-transforming policy, services, programs and practice (2nd ed., pp. 195–220). ACT, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australian Government.
Ward, C., Bochner, S., & Furnham, A. (2001). The psychology of culture shock (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Routledge.
Weigl, R. C. (2009). Intercultural competence through cultural self-study: A strategy for adult learners. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(4), 346–360.
Wiese, E. B. P., & Burhorst, I. (2007). Transcultural psychiatry: A mental health program for asylum-seeking and refugee children and adolescents in the Netherlands. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44, 596–613. doi:10.1177/1363461507083900.
Zubrick, S., Silburn, S. R., Larence, D. M., Mitrou, F. G., Dalby, R. B., Blair, E. M., … Li, J. (2005). Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey: The social and emotional wellbeing of aboriginal children and young people (vol. 2). Perth: Curtin University of Technology and Telethon Institute for Child Health Research.
Suggested Resources
Dudgeon, P., Milroy, H., & Walker, R. (Eds.). (2014). Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice (2nd ed.). ACT, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australian Government.
Halsell Miranda, A. (2014). Best practices in increasing cross-cultural competency. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (Vol. VI, pp. 9–20). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Ortiz, S. O., Flanagan, D. P., & Dynda, A. M. (2008). Best practices in working with culturally and linguistically diverse children and families. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (Vol. V, pp. 1721–1738). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Petty, S. (2010) The new frontier: an integrated framework for equity and transformative improvement in education. California Tomorrow.
Rhodes, R. L., Ochoa, S. H., & Ortiz, S. O. (2005). Assessing culturally and linguistically diverse students: A practical guide. New York: Guildford.
Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ortiz, S.O., Seymour, K.L. (2017). The Culturally Competent School Psychologist. In: Thielking, M., Terjesen, M. (eds) Handbook of Australian School Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45166-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45166-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45164-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45166-4
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)