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Astroglia, Glutamatergic Transmission and Psychiatric Diseases

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The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 13))

Abstract

Astrocytes are primary homeostatic cells of the central nervous system. They regulate glutamatergic transmission through the removal of glutamate from the extracellular space and by supplying neurons with glutamine. Glutamatergic transmission is generally believed to be significantly impaired in the contexts of all major neuropsychiatric diseases. In most of these neuropsychiatric diseases, astrocytes show signs of degeneration and atrophy, which is likely to be translated into reduced homeostatic capabilities. Astroglial glutamate uptake/release and glutamate homeostasis are affected in all forms of major psychiatric disorders and represent a common mechanism underlying neurotransmission disbalance, aberrant connectome and overall failure on information processing by neuronal networks, which underlie pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases.

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Acknowledgements

Authors research was supported by Alzheimer’s Research Trust (UK) Programme Grant (ART/PG2004A/1) to AV and by the National Institutes of Health grant (HD078678) to VP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK

    Alexei Verkhratsky

  2. Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain

    Alexei Verkhratsky

  3. Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain

    Alexei Verkhratsky

  4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples, Italy

    Luca Steardo

  5. Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China

    Liang Peng

  6. Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, Civitan International Research Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Vladimir Parpura

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  1. Alexei Verkhratsky
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  2. Luca Steardo
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  3. Liang Peng
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  4. Vladimir Parpura
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Correspondence to Alexei Verkhratsky .

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  1. Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Arne Schousboe

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

    Ursula Sonnewald

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Verkhratsky, A., Steardo, L., Peng, L., Parpura, V. (2016). Astroglia, Glutamatergic Transmission and Psychiatric Diseases. In: Schousboe, A., Sonnewald, U. (eds) The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45096-4_12

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