Abstract
Especially in Modern Thought, criticisms of different kinds have targetted on the key-concepts that figure in the overall theme of this volume: experience, God, and the mode of relating them: immediacy. Critisism in general has not the intention to annihilate the ‘thing itself’ under investigation. It rather unmasks the naiveté and brings to light the conditions of possibility, hence the limits wherein which the subject must be defined. In a ground-breaking way, Kant and Husserl did critically reveal these limiting conditions regarding the theme of experience. The outcome of their intervention can be summarized as follows: “if experience, then impossibly of God; if God, then no possible experience.” But from the vantage point of specifically the human sciences, the Kantian and Husserlian approaches are themselves subject of critic. We will explore how philosophy of language can yield an understanding of 'experience of God' according to structures of constitution that function transitively: a 'being brought into experience'. Such an 'experience of God' is communicatively performed by the speech-act of prayer and expressed in the language game of attestation.
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Notes
- 1.
We are not speaking of “The variety of religious experiences” (W. James) because such an approach presupposes the structures wherein experience can be religious in a variety of actual forms.
- 2.
See J.L. Austin, How To Do Things With Words, (ed. J.O. Urmson), Oxford, 1962, Clarendon Press.
- 3.
Critique of Pure Reason B 72
- 4.
Critique of Pure Reason A 158/ B 197 (English translation by Werner S. Pluhar, Indianapolis/Cambridge, 1996, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.), further CpR.
- 5.
Erfahrung und Urteil. Untersuchungen zur Genealogie der Logik (Redigiert und herausgegeben von Ludwig Landgrebe), Hamburg, 1948, Claassen & Goverts. English translation: Experience and Judgment. Investigations in a Genealogy of Logic (revised and edited by Ludwig Landgrebe, translated by James S. Churchill and Karl Americks, introduction by James S. Churchill). London, 1973, Routledge & Kegan Paul .
- 6.
Experience and Judgment, § 10, 41.
- 7.
Id. § 10, 45
- 8.
Die Lebenswelt. Auslegungen der vorgegebenen Welt und ihrer Konstitution. Texte aus dem Nachlass (1916–1937) (Hrsg. Rochus Sowa), Dortrecht, 2008, Springer.
- 9.
Id., 165 (translation mine)
- 10.
Id., 165–166
- 11.
See CrpR A 98–100
- 12.
Id. A 103–110
- 13.
See CrpR. A 95
- 14.
See footnote 28.
- 15.
See De Interpretatione 17a1–5.
- 16.
See Poetics 14, 1453b11.12
- 17.
STh 2a 2ae Q. 83, Art. 13, Resp.
- 18.
Ibid.
- 19.
See Paul Ricoeur, Time and Narrative (3 vols), Chicago, 1983, 1985, 1988, University of Chicago Press.
- 20.
Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, Oxford, 1989, Oxford University Press.
- 21.
Daniel Dennet, Consciousness explained, Boston, 1991, Little Brown.
- 22.
Douglas Hofstadter, The Mind’s I, New York, 1981, Basic Books.
- 23.
Susan Blackmore, The Meme-Machine, Oxford, 1999, Oxford University Press.
- 24.
As discussed by Lothar Eley in the Introduction of his edition of Husserl ’s Erfahrung und Urteil, Hamburg, 1972, (Philosophische Bibliothek 280) Felix Meiner Verlag,
- 25.
In his Phénoménologie de la Perception, Paris, 1945, Gallimard.
- 26.
See id., 466
- 27.
Id. V.
- 28.
Id. 461
- 29.
The linguistic, biblical, hermeneutical and ontological (in terms of truth and objectivity) aspects of the phenomenon of attestation (témoignage) are explored in the collection of articles in Le témoignage. Actes du Colloque organisé par le Centre international d’Etudes humanistes et par l’Institut d’Etudes philosophiques de Rome, aux soins de Enrico Castelli. 1972, Paris, Editions Montaigne, Aubier. Of particular interest from the point of view of experience, truth and objectivity see in that volume the article of Paul Ricoeur, Herméneutique du Témoignage, 35–61.
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Moors, M. (2017). Communicative Experience of God in Prayer. In: Vassányi, M., Sepsi, E., Daróczi, A. (eds) The Immediacy of Mystical Experience in the European Tradition. Sophia Studies in Cross-cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45069-8_13
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