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Human Color Vision pp 71–104Cite as

Functional Imaging of Cone Photoreceptors

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Vision Research ((SSVR,volume 5))

Abstract

Color pervades our visual sensory world, yet our understanding of the neural basis of color perception, starting with the retina and on through the multiple cortical areas that subserve vision, is still incomplete. The L, M, and S cone photoreceptors, being the cellular entry point for trichromatic vision in humans and primates, have been studied in a variety of ways to reveal their relative numbers, their spatial arrangement, and their anatomical connectivity. We review work in these species that has linked mapped cone mosaics directly to functional properties such as single neuron responses in the retina and color percepts arising from cone-targeted microstimulation. Technical issues that constrain access to single cone photoreceptors for functional studies are also considered.

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. K. Bowmaker, K. S. Bruce, E. J. Chichilnisky, G. D. Field, J. D. Mollon, and B. Schmidt for generously providing materials for figures. For improving the text, we are grateful to K. S. Bruce, T. W. Kraft, M. S. Loop, and A. S. McKeown. Our work has been supported by the National Eye Institute (L.C.S., W.S.T., A.R.), the Eyesight Foundation of Alabama (L.C.S.), Fight for Sight (R.S.), the American Optometric Foundation (W.S.T.), and German Research Council grant Ha 5323/5-1 (W.M.H.). Ramkumar Sabesan holds a Career Award at the Scientific Interfaces from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA

    Lawrence C. Sincich

  2. School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Ramkumar Sabesan, William S. Tuten & Austin Roorda

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Wolf M. Harmening

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  1. Lawrence C. Sincich
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  2. Ramkumar Sabesan
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  3. William S. Tuten
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  4. Austin Roorda
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  5. Wolf M. Harmening
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Correspondence to Lawrence C. Sincich .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Jan Kremers

  2. Department of Optometry and Visual Science, University College of Southeast Norway, Kongsberg, Norway

    Rigmor C. Baraas

  3. Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    N. Justin Marshall

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Sincich, L.C., Sabesan, R., Tuten, W.S., Roorda, A., Harmening, W.M. (2016). Functional Imaging of Cone Photoreceptors. In: Kremers, J., Baraas, R., Marshall, N. (eds) Human Color Vision. Springer Series in Vision Research, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44978-4_3

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