Abstract
The assertion that publicly accessible charging stations are insufficiently expanded is frequently found in connection with the issue of e-mobility. There are also numerous instances reported where public funds have been used to advance the expansion of the charging infrastructure. It should therefore be examined whether a sufficient number of public charging stations are lacking, and if so, whether public intervention—and possibly in which form—is advised.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
Arrow and Debreu (1954, p. 265).
- 4.
Arrow (1951, p. 508).
- 5.
- 6.
Bator (1958, pp. 351–352).
- 7.
BDEW states in its message from September 23, 2105, see footnote 14, that no decommissioning of charging stations took place, but this was merely a cleanup of double data entries.
- 8.
BDEW (2015c).
- 9.
European Commission (2014).
- 10.
The New York Times (2015).
- 11.
This consideration is also visible in the expansion plan for the Supercharger network, see Tesla Motors, Inc. (2013).
- 12.
Mineralölwirtschaftsverband (2014, p. 37).
- 13.
The strategy of Tesla Motors can provide further evidence for such a demand: The Model S from Tesla Motors has been designed with a very large battery for a long range. Additionally the Supercharger network of Tesla Motors in Europe and North America supports traveling over long distances with many charging points.
- 14.
European Commission (2013).
- 15.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (2015, p. 45).
- 16.
Statistisches Bundesamt (2014).
- 17.
Prud’homme (2005, p. 4).
- 18.
Reinke (2014, p. 144).
- 19.
Diekmann et al. (2007, p. 18).
- 20.
Baumol (1982, p. 4).
- 21.
- 22.
This is what happened in fact in Hamburg, where the City of Hamburg acquired the charging stations from Vattenfall and transferred them to Stromnetz Hamburg GmbH, the new distribution system operator in the Hamburg.
- 23.
See Gillingham and Sweeney (2010, p. 76).
- 24.
Joskow (2007, p. 1252).
- 25.
Joskow (2007, p. 1249).
- 26.
An example of the self-healing powers could be the development of mobile phones and voice-over-IP technology as a technical alternative to traditional landline phones. A similar development could also occur in the current monopoly of the power grid as soon as batteries are offered in combination with solar cells at low costs. Although it will take some time for electricity consumers to actually get off the electrical grid and become energy self-sufficient.
- 27.
The City of Berlin chose this option, see Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt Berlin (2015).
- 28.
See ordinance on incentive regulation, AregV, and § 21 para. 2 EnWG.
- 29.
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Adam, M. (2016). Insufficient Expansion of Charging Stations. In: Accelerating E-Mobility in Germany. SpringerBriefs in Law. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44884-8_5
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