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Healthcare Standards Landscape

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Abstract

At the heart of healthcare information technology interoperability are the data exchange standards. This chapter provides background about the organizations that create assemble these standards that create solutions for given use cases. In addition the chapter provides an overview of relevant worldwide standards. An introduction of the most widely used standards such as the suite provided by HL7 is also presented.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The term data exchange standard is used interchangeably with communication standard.

  2. 2.

    The first documentation uses the term Abrechnungsdaten träger, because the standard ADT was originally defined for floppy disks.

  3. 3.

    This is the basis for IHE ITI XDS.

  4. 4.

    PN13 is a French standard for prescribing, dispensing, and administering medicine in hospitals. PN13 is still in use in French hospitals today. A detailed explanation can be found in Appendix.

  5. 5.

    Free healthcare at the point of use comes from the core principles at the founding of the National Health Service by the United Kingdom Labor government in 1948. In practice, “free at the point of use” normally means that anyone legitimately fully registered with the system (i.e., in possession of an NHS number), including UK citizens and legal immigrants, can access the full breadth of critical and non-critical medical care without any out-of-pocket payment. Some specific NHS services do, however, require a financial contribution from the patient. Since 1948, patients have been charged for some services such as eye tests, dental care, prescriptions, and aspects of long-term care. These charges are often lower than equivalent services offered by a private health care provider.

  6. 6.

    SMART is neither an acronym nor abbreviation.

  7. 7.

    With mobile apps, small software components run on smart devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers. The primary purpose is ubiquitous use, everywhere, anytime.

  8. 8.

    The beginning of the CDA specification goes back before the availability of XML, so the work was based on the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) [SGML].

  9. 9.

    For GELLO no long-form exists which explains the acronym.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deutsche Telekom Healthcare and Security Solutions GmbH, Mülheim, Germany

    Frank Oemig

  2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA

    Robert Snelick

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  1. Frank Oemig
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Correspondence to Frank Oemig .

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Oemig, F., Snelick, R. (2016). Healthcare Standards Landscape. In: Healthcare Interoperability Standards Compliance Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44839-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44839-8_3

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