Abstract
Chapter 10 described the various testing models from a conceptual perspective as well as the types of testing that could be performed in each model. Chapter 11 presented principles of conformance testing that explained the testing life cycle, test plan, and a methodology for testing both sending and receiving applications. In this chapter, the realization of the concepts and methodologies is presented as testing architectures, including descriptions of a testing infrastructure, testing frameworks, and test instantiations (one of which is an interoperability test bed). Case studies are provided to emphasize the utility of the modular approach. Chapter 14 builds upon this theme by providing a sampling of test tools created using the approaches explained in this chapter. Finally, Chap. 15 describes how the tools are used in testing and certification programs, such as the IHE connect-a-thon [1] and the ONC Health IT Certification Program [2].
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Notes
- 1.
The architecture described here was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and used to create the HL7 v2.x and ePrescribing ONC EHR Certification Test Tools.
- 2.
However, the preferred approach is to create the data sets as standard agnostic and then map to standard specific structures.
- 3.
IHE-PCD has developed an infrastructural profile known as ‘Rosetta Terminology Mapping’ (RTM) that harmonizes standard nomenclature as defined in the ISO/IEEE 11073-10101 Medical Device Communication standard. Such information is carried as content, providing semantic value, within the defined HL7 message.
- 4.
The NIST HL7 v2.x message validation web service provides an example [7].
- 5.
For example, the Object Management Group (OMG) provides the official Common Terminology Services 2 (CTS2) WSDL specification for the abstract HL7 CTS2 specification.
- 6.
Actually IHE defines this concept as R2.
- 7.
The XML schemas provided are considered informative, because, although they are created according to the specification, they may contain errors. Therefore, the published standard is normative, while XML schemas are for convenience.
- 8.
Represents the point in the Test Flow for Transaction 1, Interaction 1 diagram.
References
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Oemig, F., Snelick, R. (2016). Testing Architectures. In: Healthcare Interoperability Standards Compliance Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44839-8_13
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