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Difficult Sciences: The Emergence and Development of Medical Specialization in Russia, 1880s–1920s

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Russian and Soviet Health Care from an International Perspective

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Abstract

This chapter traces the emergence of a system of specialization in Russia from its beginnings in the mid-nineteenth century through its accelerated development in the 1880s and 1890s, expansion during World War I, and reconstruction during the 1920s. Owing to the influence of medical internationalism, specialization in Russia followed the same developmental trajectory it did in Europe, beginning as university-based intellectual specialization involving teaching and research and expanding to define medical practice by the early twentieth century. The state’s desire to modernize medical education and improve the health of the population were important factors in the development of specialization in Russia as was the influence of European medicine; but as specialization came to figure in medical practice, patients seeking treatment from specialists also played a role.

I would like to thank Susan Grant and, for their help on earlier versions of this paper, Eric Naiman, Irina Paperno, and Yuri Slezkine.

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  1. Independent Scholar, Kortenaerkade 12, The Hague, The Netherlands

    Jacqueline (Kim) Friedlander

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  1. Jacqueline (Kim) Friedlander
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  1. Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom

    Susan Grant

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Friedlander, J.(. (2017). Difficult Sciences: The Emergence and Development of Medical Specialization in Russia, 1880s–1920s. In: Grant, S. (eds) Russian and Soviet Health Care from an International Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44171-9_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44171-9_2

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